Impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la salud materno- perinatal en el Hospital I Antonio Skrabonja Antoncich - Pisco de la Red Asistencial Ica EsSalud. 2019-2021

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la salud materno-perinatal en el Hospital I Antonio Skrabonja Antoncich-Pisco de la Red Asistencial Ica EsSalud. 2019-2021. Metodología: Estudio no experimental, observacional, analítico de cohorte dinámica y retrospectiva. Se estudió a una población de 1 409 puérperas y neonatos. La información fue recolectada mediante el Sistema de Vigilancia Perinatal (SVP) de EsSalud y otras fuentes documentales analizadas estadísticamente por la prueba Chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística. Resultados: Durante la pandemia se evidenció una mayor frecuencia de complicaciones maternas en el embarazo (70.8% vs 52,5%; p:0.000; OR=2.24) y el puerperio (57.7% vs 16.5%; p:0.000; OR:6.88) en comparación a la pre-pandemia. No hubo diferencias en la frecuencia de cesáreas entre la pandemia y la pre-pandemia (44.5% vs 44.9%; p:0.901; OR=0.99). No hubo casos de muerte materna registrados durante el periodo de investigación. Respecto a las complicaciones perinatales, durante la pandemia hubo mayor frecuencia de depresión respiratoria severa (2.0% vs 0.7%; p:0.022; OR=3.17), necesidad de reanimación (6.4% vs 2.2%; p:0.000; OR=3.03), ictericia (63.6% vs 29.1%; p: 0.000; OR=4.25), ITU (20.8% vs 6.0%; p:0.000; OR=4.12) y sepsis (9.8% vs 1.7%; p:0.000; OR=6.35) en comparación a los recién nacidos en la pre-pandemia. La frecuencia de mortalidad perinatal fue mayor en la pandemia que en la pre-pandemia (0.9% vs 0.1%; p:0.032; OR=7.27). No hubo diferencias significativas entre las referencias maternas y perinatales durante la pandemia y pre-pandemia. La variable asociada a complicaciones maternas durante la pandemia fue: ganancia de peso durante el embarazo ≤ 11 kg. (p=0.017; ORa=2.009); sin embargo, durante la pre-pandemia no se encontró alguna variable asociada. No se encontró alguna variable asociada a complicaciones perinatales durante la pandemia y la pre-pandemia. Conclusión: La pandemia del COVID-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en la salud materno- perinatal de puérperas atendidas en el Hospital I Pisco de la Red Asistencial Ica EsSalud. Objective: Determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal-perinatal health at the I Antonio Skrabonja Antoncich Hospital -Pisco of the Ica EsSalud Healthcare Network. 2019- 2021. Methodology: Non-experimental, observational, analytical, dynamic and retrospective cohort study. A population of 1,409 postpartum women and newborns was studied. The information was collected through the Perinatal Surveillance System (SVP) of EsSalud and other documentary sources, statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: During the pandemic, there was a higher frequency of maternal complications during pregnancy (70.8% vs 52.5%; p:0.000; OR=2.24) and the postpartum period (57.7% vs 16.5%; p:0.000; OR:6.88) compared to the pre-pandemic period. There were no differences in the frequency of cesarean sections between the pandemic and pre-pandemic (44.5% vs 44.9%; p:0.901; OR=0.99). There were no cases of maternal death recorded during the research period. Regarding perinatal complications, during the pandemic there was a higher frequency of severe respiratory depression (2.0% vs 0.7%; p: 0.022; OR = 3.17), need for resuscitation (6.4% vs 2.2%; p: 0.000; OR = 3.03), jaundice (63.6% vs 29.1%; p: 0.000; OR = 4.25), UTI (20.8% vs 6.0%; p: 0.000; OR = 4.12) and sepsis (9.8% vs 1.7%; p: 0.000; OR = 6.35) compared to newborns in the pre-pandemic. The frequency of perinatal mortality was higher in the pandemic than in the pre- pandemic (0.9% vs 0.1%; p:0.032; OR=7.27). There were no significant differences between maternal and perinatal references during the pandemic and pre-pandemic. The variable associated with maternal complications during the pandemic was pregnancy weight gain ≤ 11 kg (p=0.017; ORa=2.009); however, no associated variables were found during the pre-pandemic period. No variables were found to be associated with perinatal complications during the pandemic or pre- pandemic period. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the maternal-perinatal health of postpartum women treated at the “Hospital I Pisco” of the Ica EsSalud Healthcare Network.