Factores de riesgo de caries en los primeros molares permanentes en niños de 6-12 años de la Institución Educativa Luis Abraham Elías Ghezzi Parcona- Ica, 2025
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados a caries dental en primeros molares
permanentes en niños de 6 a 12 años de la Institución Educativa Luis Abraham Elías Ghezzi, Ica
Perú, 2025.
Material y método: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, relacional, de diseño no experimental y
corte transversal. La muestra fue de 211 estudiantes. Se aplicó una ficha estructurada que incluyó
variables como higiene oral, consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, nivel socioeconómico, estado
dentario, ingesta de flúor y Ph salival. Se utilizó el software SPSS v26 con la prueba estadística
Rho de Spearman para el análisis de correlación.
Resultados: Se determinó una asociación significativa entre caries en primeros molares
permanentes y la higiene oral (p=0.000), el nivel socioeconómico (p=0.002), el estado dentario
(p=0.011) y el pH salival (p=0.000). No se halló relación significativa con la dieta cariogénica
(p=0.571) ni con la ingesta de flúor (p=0.864).
Conclusión: Se confirma que factores biológicos y sociales como la higiene oral, el nivel
socioeconómico, la malposición dentaria y el pH salival influyen en el desarrollo de caries en
primeros molares permanentes, mientras que la dieta cariogénica y la ingesta de flúor no
mostraron relación en esta población. Los resultados destacan la importancia de implementar
intervenciones preventivas escolares orientadas a mejorar hábitos de higiene bucal y reducir
inequidades sociales en salud.
Objective: Determine the risk factors associated with dental caries in permanent first molars among children aged 6 to 12 years at Luis Abraham Elías Ghezzi Educational Institution, Ica Peru, 2025. Material and Methods: Observational, quantitative, relational, non-experimental, and cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 211 students. A structured form was applied, including variables such as oral hygiene, intake of cariogenic foods, socioeconomic level, dental condition, fluoride intake, and salivary pH. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26 software and Spearman’s Rho correlation test. Results: A significant association was found between caries in permanent first molars and oral hygiene (p=0.000), socioeconomic level (p=0.002), dental condition (p=0.011), and salivary pH (p=0.000). No significant relationship was observed with cariogenic diet (p=0.571) or fluoride intake (p=0.864). Conclusion: The findings confirm that biological and social factors such as oral hygiene, socioeconomic level, dental malposition, and salivary pH influence the development of caries in permanent first molars, while cariogenic diet and fluoride intake showed no relationship in this population. The results highlight the importance of implementing school-based preventive interventions aimed at improving oral hygiene habits and reducing social inequities in health.
Objective: Determine the risk factors associated with dental caries in permanent first molars among children aged 6 to 12 years at Luis Abraham Elías Ghezzi Educational Institution, Ica Peru, 2025. Material and Methods: Observational, quantitative, relational, non-experimental, and cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 211 students. A structured form was applied, including variables such as oral hygiene, intake of cariogenic foods, socioeconomic level, dental condition, fluoride intake, and salivary pH. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26 software and Spearman’s Rho correlation test. Results: A significant association was found between caries in permanent first molars and oral hygiene (p=0.000), socioeconomic level (p=0.002), dental condition (p=0.011), and salivary pH (p=0.000). No significant relationship was observed with cariogenic diet (p=0.571) or fluoride intake (p=0.864). Conclusion: The findings confirm that biological and social factors such as oral hygiene, socioeconomic level, dental malposition, and salivary pH influence the development of caries in permanent first molars, while cariogenic diet and fluoride intake showed no relationship in this population. The results highlight the importance of implementing school-based preventive interventions aimed at improving oral hygiene habits and reducing social inequities in health.
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Palabras clave
Caries dental, Primeros molares permanentes, Factores de riesgo, Salud bucal, Escolares, Prevención, Dental caries
