Determinantes psicosociales de adaptación al embarazo y su influencia en el vínculo prenatal en primigestas de un hospital público de la región
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los determinantes psicosociales de la adaptación al emba-
razo en el vínculo prenatal en primigestas de un hospital público de la región. Estrategia meto-
dológica: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal, con una muestra
de 329 primigestas en el segundo y tercer trimestre de gestación, seleccionadas mediante muestreo
no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se emplearon dos instrumentos validados: el Prenatal Self-
Evaluation Questionnaire (PSQ) en su versión adaptada para gestantes peruanas, para evaluar la
adaptación psicosocial, y la Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) para medir el vínculo
prenatal. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, aplicando la prueba
de correlación de Spearman para evaluar las relaciones entre las variables. Resultados: Se en-
contró que el 77.1% de las gestantes presentó una adaptación alta al embarazo, mientras que el
vínculo prenatal mostró niveles bajos y medios en la mayoría de los casos. Los determinantes
psicosociales se correlacionaron significativamente con el vínculo prenatal (ρ = 0.495, p < 0.001),
destacando la relación con la pareja como la dimensión más influyente (ρ = 0.293, p < 0.001).
Conclusiones: La adaptación psicosocial al embarazo influye significativamente en la calidad del
vínculo prenatal, con una mayor conexión materno-fetal en gestantes con mejores condiciones
psicosociales. Se recomienda fortalecer el apoyo emocional y las intervenciones dirigidas a pri-
migestas para optimizar su bienestar y el desarrollo del apego prenatal.
Objective: To determine the influence of psychosocial determinants of pregnancy adaptation on prenatal bonding in primigravidas at a public hospital in the region. Methodology: A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 329 primigravidas in their second and third trimesters, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Two vali- dated instruments were used: the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSQ), adapted for Pe- ruvian pregnant women, to assess psychosocial adaptation, and the Maternal Antenatal Attach- ment Scale (MAAS) to measure prenatal bonding. Data were analyzed using descriptive and in- ferential statistics, applying Spearman’s correlation test to evaluate relationships between varia- bles. Results: The study found that 77.1% of pregnant women exhibited high pregnancy adapta- tion, while most cases showed low or moderate levels of prenatal bonding. Psychosocial determi- nants were significantly correlated with prenatal bonding (ρ = 0.495, p < 0.001), with partner relationship being the most influential dimension (ρ = 0.293, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Psycho- social adaptation to pregnancy significantly influences the quality of prenatal bonding, with a stronger maternal-fetal connection observed in women with better psychosocial conditions. Strengthening emotional support and targeted interventions for primigravidas is recommended to enhance their well-being and the development of prenatal attachment.
Objective: To determine the influence of psychosocial determinants of pregnancy adaptation on prenatal bonding in primigravidas at a public hospital in the region. Methodology: A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 329 primigravidas in their second and third trimesters, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Two vali- dated instruments were used: the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSQ), adapted for Pe- ruvian pregnant women, to assess psychosocial adaptation, and the Maternal Antenatal Attach- ment Scale (MAAS) to measure prenatal bonding. Data were analyzed using descriptive and in- ferential statistics, applying Spearman’s correlation test to evaluate relationships between varia- bles. Results: The study found that 77.1% of pregnant women exhibited high pregnancy adapta- tion, while most cases showed low or moderate levels of prenatal bonding. Psychosocial determi- nants were significantly correlated with prenatal bonding (ρ = 0.495, p < 0.001), with partner relationship being the most influential dimension (ρ = 0.293, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Psycho- social adaptation to pregnancy significantly influences the quality of prenatal bonding, with a stronger maternal-fetal connection observed in women with better psychosocial conditions. Strengthening emotional support and targeted interventions for primigravidas is recommended to enhance their well-being and the development of prenatal attachment.
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Palabras clave
Adaptación psicosocial, Vínculo prenatal, Primigestas