Factores de decisión asociados a la toma de papanicolaou como prevención de cáncer de cuello uterino en el centro de salud la Palma Grande, Ica, 2025
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores de decisión asociados a la
realización del examen de Papanicolaou como medida preventiva frente al cáncer de cuello
uterino en mujeres atendidas en el Centro de Salud La Palma Grande, Ica.
Material y métodos: Se trató de una investigación aplicada, de enfoque cuantitativo, con
diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por
120 mujeres de 20 a 50 años atendidas en los servicios de Ginecología y Obstetricia del
centro de salud durante los meses de enero y febrero de 2025. Se aplicó un muestreo
probabilístico aleatorio simple, obteniéndose una muestra de 92 mujeres, quienes
cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron participar mediante consentimiento
informado. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta estructurada.
Resultados: Se encontró que existió una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la
realización del examen de Papanicolaou y los factores de decisión analizados.
Específicamente, la edad (p = 0.002), la ocupación (p = 0.005), el apoyo de la pareja (p <
0.001), la percepción del trato del personal de salud (p = 0.011), la frecuencia del tamizaje
(p < 0.001), la preferencia por el sexo del profesional (p < 0.001) y el nivel de conocimiento
(p = 0.012) fueron factores determinantes en la conducta preventiva de las participantes.
Conclusión: Se concluyó que diversos factores socioculturales, psicológicos,
epidemiológicos e institucionales influyeron significativamente en la toma de decisiones
respecto al tamizaje de cáncer cervicouterino, destacando el papel clave del entorno afectivo,
la calidad de atención y el conocimiento previo.
Palabras claves: Papanicolaou, cáncer de cuello uterino, factores de decisión.
Objective: The study aimed to identify the decision factors associated with the performance of the Pap smear as a preventive measure against cervical cancer in women attended at the La Palma Grande Health Center, Ica. Materials and methods: It was an applied research study, with a quantitative approach, using a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The population consisted of 120 women aged 20 to 50 who were attended to in the Gynecology-Obstetrics services of the health center during the months of January and February 2025. A simple random probability sampling was applied, obtaining a sample of 92 women who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate through informed consent. Data collection was carried out through a structured survey. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the performance of the Pap smear and the analyzed decision factors. Specifically, age (p = 0.002), occupation (p = 0.005), partner support (p < 0.001), perception of healthcare staff treatment (p = 0.011), screening frequency (p < 0.001), preference for the professional's gender (p < 0.001), and level of knowledge (p = 0.012) were determining factors in the preventive behavior of the participants. Conclusion: It was concluded that various sociocultural, psychological, epidemiological, and institutional factors significantly influenced decision-making regarding cervical cancer screening, highlighting the key role of the affective environment, quality of care, and prior knowledge.
Objective: The study aimed to identify the decision factors associated with the performance of the Pap smear as a preventive measure against cervical cancer in women attended at the La Palma Grande Health Center, Ica. Materials and methods: It was an applied research study, with a quantitative approach, using a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The population consisted of 120 women aged 20 to 50 who were attended to in the Gynecology-Obstetrics services of the health center during the months of January and February 2025. A simple random probability sampling was applied, obtaining a sample of 92 women who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate through informed consent. Data collection was carried out through a structured survey. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the performance of the Pap smear and the analyzed decision factors. Specifically, age (p = 0.002), occupation (p = 0.005), partner support (p < 0.001), perception of healthcare staff treatment (p = 0.011), screening frequency (p < 0.001), preference for the professional's gender (p < 0.001), and level of knowledge (p = 0.012) were determining factors in the preventive behavior of the participants. Conclusion: It was concluded that various sociocultural, psychological, epidemiological, and institutional factors significantly influenced decision-making regarding cervical cancer screening, highlighting the key role of the affective environment, quality of care, and prior knowledge.
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Palabras clave
Papanicolaou, Cáncer de cuello uterino, Factores de decisión, Pap smear