Factores de riesgo de preeclampsia en pacientes atendidas en el servicio de gineco obstetricia del Hospital Regional de Ica en el 2022

Abstract

Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a preeclampsia en pacientes atendidas en el servicio de Gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Regional de Ica en el 2022. Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se incluyó en el estudio a gestantes con preeclampsia (Casos=91) y sin preeclampsia (Controles=91). Los datos se obtuvieron por revisión de historias clínicas. Se utilizaron el chi cuadrado, con p≤0,005, odds ratio y un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Se encontró factores asociados a preeclampsia como: Edad ≥ a 35 años (p=0,014; OR=2,605; IC 95%=1,189-5,706), ser soltera (p=0,047; OR=2,083; 1,002-4,333), sin instrucción (p=0,030; OR=2,430; IC 95%=1,072-5,507), procedencia rural (p=0,000; OR=3,248; IC 95%=1,692- 6,236), ser obesa (p=0,017; OR=2,494; IC 95%=1,164-5,343), diabetes mellitus II (p=0,681; OR=1,184; IC 95%=0,528-2,654), Hipertensión arterial (p=0,023; OR=3,022; IC 95%=1,125-8,120), síndrome de ovario poliquístico (p=0,168; OR=1,737; IC 95%=0,788-3,828), antecedente de preeclampsia (p=0,000; OR=10,157; IC 95%=4,020-25,622), la nuliparidad (p=0,001; OR=2,817; IC 95%=1,544-5,140), el embarazo múltiple (p=0,009; OR=3,493; IC 95%=1,317-9,265), el polihidramnios (p=0,001; OR=5,363; IC 95%=1,737-16,555), Intervalo intergenésico corto (p=0,000; OR=5,627; IC 95%=2,421- 13,081) y la edad gestacional menor de 37 semanas (p=0,019; OR=2,120; IC 95%=1,129-3,981). La presencia de preeclampsia en gestantes, se asocia con factores de riesgo como una edad ≥ a 35 años, ser soltera, sin instrucción, procedencia rural, ser obesa, la hipertensión arterial, con antecedente de preeclampsia, la nuliparidad, el embarazo múltiple, el polihidramnios, corto intervalo intergenésico y una edad gestacional < a 37 semanas.

----- Determine the risk factors associated with preeclampsia in patients treated in the Gynecologyobstetrics service of the Regional Hospital of Ica in 2022. An analytical, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out. Pregnant women with preeclampsia (Cases=91) and without preeclampsia (Controls=91) were included in the study. The data were obtained by reviewing medical records. The chi square was used, with p≤0.005, odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. Factors associated with preeclampsia were found such as: Age ≥ 35 years (p=0.014; OR=2.605; 95% CI=1.189-5.706), being single (p=0.047; OR=2.083; 1.002-4.333), without education (p=0.030; OR=2.430; 95% CI=1.072-5.507), rural origin (p=0.000; OR=3.248; 95% CI=1.692-6.236), being obese (p=0.017; OR=2.494; 95% CI=1.164-5.343), diabetes mellitus II (p=0.681; OR=1.184; 95% CI=0.528-2.654), Arterial hypertension (p=0.023; OR=3.022; 95% CI=1.125-8.120), polycystic ovary syndrome (p=0.168; OR=1.737; 95% CI=0.788-3.828), history of preeclampsia (p=0.000; OR=10.157; 95% CI=4.020-25.622), nulliparity (p=0.001; OR=2.817; 95% CI=1.544-5.140), multiple pregnancy (p=0.009; OR=3.493; 95% CI=1.317-9.265), polyhydramnios (p=0.001; OR=5.363; 95% CI=1.737). -16.555), short interpregnancy interval (p=0.000; OR=5.627; 95% CI=2.421-13.081) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (p=0.019; OR=2.120; 95% CI=1.129- 3.981). The presence of preeclampsia in pregnant women is associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 35 years, being single, without education, rural origin, being obese, high blood pressure, with a history of preeclampsia, nulliparity, multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, short interpregnancy interval and a gestational age < 37 weeks.