Conocimiento etnobotánico de las plantas medicinales en el Distrito de San Antonio de Cusicancha, provincia de Huaytará – Huancavelica, 2023
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento etnobotánico sobre plantas medicinales en el
distrito de San Antonio de Cusicancha, provincia de Huaytará, Huancavelica, durante el año 2023.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal con una muestra
de 246 pobladores. Para la recopilación de información, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada que
permitió evaluar el conocimiento comunitario sobre el uso de plantas medicinales. Además, con
la colaboración de los habitantes de la zona, se recolectaron cinco especies utilizadas en la
medicina tradicional, cuyos nombres científicos se encuentran en calidad de estudio. Estas
muestras fueron trasladadas a la ciudad de Ica para su identificación taxonómica con el apoyo de
un especialista en botánica.
Resultados: Se determinó que el 53,3% de la población posee un nivel alto de conocimiento
etnobotánico, el 43,1% un nivel medio y el 3,7% un nivel bajo. Entre las especies más utilizadas
destacan la muña (Minthostachys mollis, 31,3%), el eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus, 24,0%), la
manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla, 19,5%) y el marco (Ambrosia peruviana, 4,9%). Asimismo,
se identificaron cinco especies pertenecientes a las familias Asteraceae, Solanaceae y Malvaceae.
Conclusiones: La comunidad mantiene un conocimiento sólido sobre el uso de plantas
medicinales, transmitido de generación en generación. No obstante, este saber enfrenta riesgos
debido a la modernización y la falta de documentación. Se recomienda implementar programas
de educación etnobotánica y promover la conservación sostenible de estas especies con el apoyo
de autoridades regionales, municipales y del sector salud.
Objective: To determine the level of ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants in the district of San Antonio de Cusicancha, province of Huaytará, Huancavelica, during the year 2023. Methodology: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 246 residents. To collect information, structured surveys were applied to assess local knowledge about the use of medicinal plants. Additionally, with the collaboration of local inhabitants, five species used in traditional medicine, whose scientific names were unknown, were collected. These samples were transported to the city of Ica for taxonomic identification with the support of a botany specialist. Results: It was determined that 53.3% of the population has a high level of ethnobotanical knowledge, 43.1% a medium level, and 3.7% a low level. The most commonly used species include muña (Minthostachys mollis, 31.3%), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus, 24.0%), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, 19.5%), and marco (Ambrosia peruviana, 4.9%). Furthermore, five species belonging to the families Asteraceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae were taxonomically identified. Conclusions: The community maintains strong knowledge of the use of medicinal plants, which is passed down from generation to generation. However, this knowledge faces risks due to modernization and a lack of documentation. It is recommended to implement ethnobotanical education programs and promote the sustainable conservation of these species with the support of regional, municipal, and health sector authorities.
Objective: To determine the level of ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants in the district of San Antonio de Cusicancha, province of Huaytará, Huancavelica, during the year 2023. Methodology: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 246 residents. To collect information, structured surveys were applied to assess local knowledge about the use of medicinal plants. Additionally, with the collaboration of local inhabitants, five species used in traditional medicine, whose scientific names were unknown, were collected. These samples were transported to the city of Ica for taxonomic identification with the support of a botany specialist. Results: It was determined that 53.3% of the population has a high level of ethnobotanical knowledge, 43.1% a medium level, and 3.7% a low level. The most commonly used species include muña (Minthostachys mollis, 31.3%), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus, 24.0%), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, 19.5%), and marco (Ambrosia peruviana, 4.9%). Furthermore, five species belonging to the families Asteraceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae were taxonomically identified. Conclusions: The community maintains strong knowledge of the use of medicinal plants, which is passed down from generation to generation. However, this knowledge faces risks due to modernization and a lack of documentation. It is recommended to implement ethnobotanical education programs and promote the sustainable conservation of these species with the support of regional, municipal, and health sector authorities.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Conocimiento etnobotánico, Plantas medicinales, San Antonio de Cusicancha, Huaytará, Conservación, Ethnobotanical knowledge
