Enteroparasitismo y relación con el estado nutricional en niños en edad escolar del Conjunto Habitacional FONAVI San Martín, Ica, marzo a junio 2022
Fecha
2022
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La población escolar es susceptible para las infecciones parasitarias; asimismo, si el niño es
infectado, la probabilidad de contagio hacia sus familiares es alta; por lo que son un problema de
importancia. En Perú, las infecciones por parásitos presentan elevadas prevalencias, donde 30%
de niños entre 2 y 10 años presentan algún tipo de estos. En el año 2020, el 12,1% de la población
menor de cinco años sufrió desnutrición crónica según el Patrón de la OMS.
La investigación fue realizada con el objetivo de determinar la relación del enteroparasitismo con
el estado nutricional en niños en edad escolar de FONAVI San Martín, Ica, entre marzo a junio
2022, considerando a 120 niños como muestra, recolectándose muestras de materia fecal para
examen parasitológico y sus medidas antropométricas para evaluar el estado nutricional, los
resultados fueron analizados mediante el estadístico Chi Cuadrado. Los resultados demuestran
que no hay relación entre ambas variables; el monoparasitismo fue predominante, donde Giardia
lamblia (22,0%) se halló con mayor frecuencia entre los protozoarios; en tanto que Enterobius
vermicularis (14,7%) para los helmintos; en el biparasitismo, la asociación mayoritaria fue entre
G. lamblia y B. hominis; hay dependencia estadística entre el desconocimiento de la madre sobre
el tema y el enteroparasitismo (p < 0,05); mientras que entre los factores sociodemográficos, no
existe dependencia con la edad y género, así como con la escolaridad materna, procedencia y
hacinamiento (p > 0,05). Concluyendo que, la enteroparasitosis sigue comportándose como una
patología prevalente en la población en edad escolar.
The school population is susceptible to parasitic infections; Likewise, if the child is infected, the probability of contagion to their relatives is high; so, they are a major problem. In Peru, parasite infections have a high prevalence, where 30% of children between 2 and 10 years old have some type of these. In 2020, 12.1% of the population under five years of age suffered from chronic malnutrition according to the WHO Pattern. The research was carried out with the objective of determining the relationship between enteroparasitism and nutritional status in school-age children from FONAVI San Martín, Ica, between March and June 2022, considering 120 children as a sample, collecting fecal matter samples for parasitological examination. and their anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status, the results were analyzed using the Chi Square statistic. The results show that there is no relationship between both variables; monoparasitism was predominant, where Giardia lamblia (22.0%) was found more frequently among the protozoa; while Enterobius vermicularis (14.7%) for helminths; in biparasitism, the majority association was between G. lamblia and B. hominis; there is statistical dependence between the mother's ignorance on the subject and enteroparasitism (p < 0.05); while among the sociodemographic factors, there is no dependency with age and gender, as well as with maternal education, origin and overcrowding (p > 0.05). Concluding that enteroparasitosis continues to behave as a prevalent pathology in the school-age population.
The school population is susceptible to parasitic infections; Likewise, if the child is infected, the probability of contagion to their relatives is high; so, they are a major problem. In Peru, parasite infections have a high prevalence, where 30% of children between 2 and 10 years old have some type of these. In 2020, 12.1% of the population under five years of age suffered from chronic malnutrition according to the WHO Pattern. The research was carried out with the objective of determining the relationship between enteroparasitism and nutritional status in school-age children from FONAVI San Martín, Ica, between March and June 2022, considering 120 children as a sample, collecting fecal matter samples for parasitological examination. and their anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status, the results were analyzed using the Chi Square statistic. The results show that there is no relationship between both variables; monoparasitism was predominant, where Giardia lamblia (22.0%) was found more frequently among the protozoa; while Enterobius vermicularis (14.7%) for helminths; in biparasitism, the majority association was between G. lamblia and B. hominis; there is statistical dependence between the mother's ignorance on the subject and enteroparasitism (p < 0.05); while among the sociodemographic factors, there is no dependency with age and gender, as well as with maternal education, origin and overcrowding (p > 0.05). Concluding that enteroparasitosis continues to behave as a prevalent pathology in the school-age population.
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Palabras clave
Enteroparasitismo, Desnutrición, Prevalencia, Niños--Escolar, Malnutrition