Características clínicas y quirúrgicas de los pacientes con colangitis aguda tratados en el hospital regional de Ica 2020 al 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Introducción: La colangitis aguda se define como inflamación producto de una infección en los
conductos biliares, caracterizada por un proceso inflamatorio e infeccioso que compromete todo el
organismo y generalmente requiere atención inmediata debido a su potencial riesgo vital. Es considerada
como una de las complicaciones más graves de la obstrucción de la vía biliar principal. La colangitis
presenta una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. En el 23% de los casos, los pacientes son
asintomáticos, y el diagnóstico solo se realiza cuando aparecen complicaciones o hallazgos específicos.
Alrededor del 45% de los casos inician con síntomas leves, pero la progresión de la enfermedad puede
derivar en sepsis grave y potencialmente mortal.
Objetivo. Determinar las características clínicas y quirúrgicas de los pacientes con colangitis aguda
tratados en el Hospital Regional de Ica.
Material y metodología. Investigación de tipo observacional, trasversal, retrospectiva, descriptiva, de
enfoque cuantitativo. Pacientes del Hospital Regional de Ica, operados de colangitis aguda en el periodo
2020 al 2024 de ambos sexos a partir de los 19 años de edad, cuyos datos se obtuvieron de las historias
clínicas, con la confirmación del diagnóstico; los datos fueron trasladados a una hoja Excel debidamente
codificada y se extrapolaron en su totalidad al programa estadístico SPSS v29, de una población de 192
pacientes con colangitis, de donde se obtuvo la muestra de estudio de 128 pacientes seleccionados al
azar.
Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 53,1 años, la mediana fue de 52 años con una moda
de 49 años, siendo el paciente de menor edad 19 años y el de mayor edad de 74 años, las categorías de
mayor edad son las de 40 a 46 años (20,3%), la distribución por sexo fue similar en ambos, el 13,3%
tuvieron diabetes mellitus, el 20,3% tuvieron hipertensión arterial y el 11,7% tuvieron obesidad, el
72,7% eran de grado leve, el 15,6% moderado y el 11,7% de grado severo, los pacientes tuvieron un
tiempo de hospitalización entre 1 a 7 días (69,5%) y el 4,7% tuvieron un tiempo de hospitalización de
más de 30 días. La tasa de mortalidad de los pacientes con colangitis aguda fue de 2,3%, la
Colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica fue practicada en el 10,2%, la coledocotomía fue
practicada en el 91,4%, la sepsis se presentó en el 3,9% de los pacientes con colangitis aguda, la
hemorragia en el 7%, la infección del sitiuo operatorio en el 14,1%, la fistula en el 7% y otras
complicaciones como perforación de vísceras huecas y abscesos hepáticos en el 3,1%.
Conclusión: Las características de los pacientes con colangitis fueron: Edad promedio de 53,15 años,
de sexo femenino con comorbilidades, mayormente de grado leve con un tiempo de hospitalización
mayoritariamente de 7 días y una tasa de mortalidad de 2,3%, la CPRE y la coledocotomia se realizaron
para descomprimir la vía biliar principal, pudiendo presentarse complicaciones posoperatorias como
infección del sitio operatorio, sepsis, hemorragias fistulas absceso hepático.
Introduction: Acute cholangitis is defined as inflammation resulting from an infection in the bile ducts, characterized by an inflammatory and infectious process that compromises the entire body and generally requires immediate attention due to its potentially life-threatening nature. It is considered one of the most serious complications of biliary tract obstruction. Cholangitis presents with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. In 23% of cases, patients are asymptomatic, and diagnosis is only made when complications or specific findings appear. Approximately 45% of cases begin with mild symptoms, but disease progression can lead to severe and life-threatening sepsis. Objective: To determine the clinical and surgical characteristics of patients with acute cholangitis treated at the Regional Hospital of Ica. Material y methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study was conducted. Patients of both sexes aged 19 years and older from the Ica Regional Hospital underwent surgery for acute cholangitis between 2020 and 2024. Data were obtained from their medical records and the diagnosis was confirmed. Data were entered into a duly coded Excel spreadsheet and fully extrapolated to the SPSS v29 statistical program, a study sample of 128 patients was randomly selected from a population of 192 patients with cholangitis Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.1 years, with a median of 52 years and a mode of 49 years. The youngest patient was 19 years old, and the oldest was 74 years old. The age group of 40 to 46 years accounted for 20.3%. Gender distribution was similar. Among the patients, 13.3% had diabetes mellitus, 20.3% had hypertension, and 11.7% were obese. The severity was classified as mild in 72.7%, moderate in 15.6%, and severe in 11.7%. Hospitalization lasted between 1 to 7 days for 69.5% of patients, while 4.7% were hospitalized for more than 30 days. The mortality rate was 2.3%. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 10.2%, and choledochotomy in 91.4%. Sepsis occurred in 3.9%, bleeding in 7%, surgical site infection in 14.1%, fistula in 7%, and other complications, such as perforation of hollow viscera and liver abscesses, in 3.1%. Conclusion: The characteristics of patients with cholangitis included an average age of 53.15 years, predominantly female with comorbidities, mostly mild cases, an average hospitalization time of 7 days, and a mortality rate of 2.3%. ERCP and choledochotomy were performed to decompress the main bile duct, with postoperative complications such as surgical site infection, sepsis, bleeding, fistulas, and liver abscesses.
Introduction: Acute cholangitis is defined as inflammation resulting from an infection in the bile ducts, characterized by an inflammatory and infectious process that compromises the entire body and generally requires immediate attention due to its potentially life-threatening nature. It is considered one of the most serious complications of biliary tract obstruction. Cholangitis presents with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. In 23% of cases, patients are asymptomatic, and diagnosis is only made when complications or specific findings appear. Approximately 45% of cases begin with mild symptoms, but disease progression can lead to severe and life-threatening sepsis. Objective: To determine the clinical and surgical characteristics of patients with acute cholangitis treated at the Regional Hospital of Ica. Material y methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study was conducted. Patients of both sexes aged 19 years and older from the Ica Regional Hospital underwent surgery for acute cholangitis between 2020 and 2024. Data were obtained from their medical records and the diagnosis was confirmed. Data were entered into a duly coded Excel spreadsheet and fully extrapolated to the SPSS v29 statistical program, a study sample of 128 patients was randomly selected from a population of 192 patients with cholangitis Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.1 years, with a median of 52 years and a mode of 49 years. The youngest patient was 19 years old, and the oldest was 74 years old. The age group of 40 to 46 years accounted for 20.3%. Gender distribution was similar. Among the patients, 13.3% had diabetes mellitus, 20.3% had hypertension, and 11.7% were obese. The severity was classified as mild in 72.7%, moderate in 15.6%, and severe in 11.7%. Hospitalization lasted between 1 to 7 days for 69.5% of patients, while 4.7% were hospitalized for more than 30 days. The mortality rate was 2.3%. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 10.2%, and choledochotomy in 91.4%. Sepsis occurred in 3.9%, bleeding in 7%, surgical site infection in 14.1%, fistula in 7%, and other complications, such as perforation of hollow viscera and liver abscesses, in 3.1%. Conclusion: The characteristics of patients with cholangitis included an average age of 53.15 years, predominantly female with comorbidities, mostly mild cases, an average hospitalization time of 7 days, and a mortality rate of 2.3%. ERCP and choledochotomy were performed to decompress the main bile duct, with postoperative complications such as surgical site infection, sepsis, bleeding, fistulas, and liver abscesses.
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Palabras clave
Características, Clínicas, Quirúrgicas, Colangitis, Aguda, Characteristics