Infección de sitio operatorio en pacientes operados de apendicectomía, en el Hospital Regional de Ica, años 2023 - 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Introducción: La infección de sitio quirúrgico es una complicación que puede estar presente en
pacientes post operados mediante cirugía ya sea vía laparoscópica o a cielo abierto, para que exista
esta complicación se necesita la presencia de un huésped, un agente infeccioso y factores
condicionantes; la incidencia de esta complicación en pacientes apendicectomizados es amplia en
muchos hospitales de nuestro país y del mundo lo que nos lleva a querer analizar la frecuencia de
dicha complicación postoperatoria en nuestro medio local, para poder ver la realidad de nuestros
hospitales y así poder generar medidas y estrategias para disminuir la morbilidad de dicha
patología y por consiguiente disminuir la necesidad de reintervenciones quirúrgicas y la estadía
hospitalaria. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de infección de sitio operatorio en pacientes
operados de apendicectomía en el Hospital Regional de Ica – Departamento de Cirugía durante
los años 2023 y 2024. Metodología: La presente investigación es de tipo observacional,
descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se trabajó con una población conformada por todos los
pacientes que han sido diagnosticados e intervenidos quirúrgicamente por apendicitis aguda
durante los años 2023 y 2024 en el Departamento de Cirugía del Hospital Regional de Ica, que
cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, que fueron 845 pacientes. Las variables que se estudiaron
fueron: Tipo de cirugía, estado anatomopatológico del apéndice, edad, género, factores de riesgo,
y presencia de infección de sitio operatorio. Resultados: La frecuencia de infección de sitio
operatorio en pacientes operados de apendicectomía en el Hospital Regional de Ica –
Departamento de Cirugía durante los años 2023 y 2024 fue del 10,3% , 87 pacientes del total de
845 pacientes apendicectomizados, la técnica operatoria que presentó menor frecuencia de
complicación de infección en el sitio quirúrgico fue la técnica laparoscópica (0,24%), la fase de
apendicitis aguda que se asoció con mayor frecuencia a esta complicación fue la fase perforada
(6,87%), el 80,46% presentaba factores de riesgo, los más frecuentes fueron sobrepeso (47,12%)
y obesidad (25,29%), predominó el sexo masculino (59,17%) y la frecuencia fue mayor en el
grupo etario de 12 a 20 años (21,84%), seguido del grupo comprendido entre 21 y 29 años
(20,69%), la edad promedio fue de 31,9 años. Conclusiones: La tasa de infección de sitio
quirúrgico en nuestro establecimiento de salud es alta, 10,3 personas por cada 100 pacientes
operados por apendicitis aguda hace dicha complicación, predominó el sexo masculino y el grupo
etario de 12-20 años, los pacientes operados con técnica laparoscópica tienen menos probabilidad
de presentar infección de sitio operatorio como complicación, un tercio de pacientes que ingresan
en fase perforada con peritonitis desarrollan en el futuro una infección de sitio operatorio, la
mayoría de pacientes presentan factores de riesgo como sobrepeso u obesidad.
Introduction: Surgical site infection is a complication that can occur in patients undergoing either laparoscopic or open surgery. For this complication to exist, the presence of a host, an infectious agent and conditioning factors are required. The incidence of this complication in appendectomy patients is high in many hospitals in our country and around the world, which leads us to analyze the frequency of this postoperative complication in our local setting, in order to understand the current state of our hospitals and thus be able to develop measures and strategies to reduce the morbidity of this condition and, consequently, reduce the need for reinterventions and hospital stays. Objective: Determine the frequency of surgical site infection in patients undergoing appendectomy at the Ica Regional Hospital – Department of Surgery during the years 2023 and 2024. Methodology: The present research is observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional. We worked with a population made up of all patients who were diagnosed and underwent surgery for acute appendicitis during the years 2023 and 2024 in the Department of Surgery of the Regional Hospital of Ica, who met the inclusion criteria, which were 845 patients. The variables studied were: type of surgery, anatomopathological status of the appendix, age, gender, risk factors, and presence of surgical site infection. Results: The frequency of surgical site infection in patients who underwent appendectomy at the Regional Hospital of Ica - Department of Surgery during the years 2023 and 2024 was 10.3%, 87 patients out of a total of 845 appendectomized patients, the surgical technique that presented the lowest frequency of surgical site infection complication was the laparoscopic technique (0.24%), the phase of acute appendicitis most frequently associated with this complication was the perforated phase (6.87%), 80.46% had risk factors, the most frequent were overweight (47.12%) and obesity (25.29%), male sex predominated (59.17%) and the frequency was higher in the age group 12 to 20 years (21.84%), followed by the group between 21 and 29 years (20.69%), the average age was 31.9 years. Conclusions: The rate of surgical site infection in our health facility is high, 10.3 people per 100 patients operated on for acute appendicitis have this complication, male sex and age group 12-20 years predominated, patients operated on with laparoscopic technique are less likely to present surgical site infection as a complication, one third of patients admitted in perforated phase with peritonitis develop surgical site infection in the future, most patients present risk factors such as overweight or obesity.
Introduction: Surgical site infection is a complication that can occur in patients undergoing either laparoscopic or open surgery. For this complication to exist, the presence of a host, an infectious agent and conditioning factors are required. The incidence of this complication in appendectomy patients is high in many hospitals in our country and around the world, which leads us to analyze the frequency of this postoperative complication in our local setting, in order to understand the current state of our hospitals and thus be able to develop measures and strategies to reduce the morbidity of this condition and, consequently, reduce the need for reinterventions and hospital stays. Objective: Determine the frequency of surgical site infection in patients undergoing appendectomy at the Ica Regional Hospital – Department of Surgery during the years 2023 and 2024. Methodology: The present research is observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional. We worked with a population made up of all patients who were diagnosed and underwent surgery for acute appendicitis during the years 2023 and 2024 in the Department of Surgery of the Regional Hospital of Ica, who met the inclusion criteria, which were 845 patients. The variables studied were: type of surgery, anatomopathological status of the appendix, age, gender, risk factors, and presence of surgical site infection. Results: The frequency of surgical site infection in patients who underwent appendectomy at the Regional Hospital of Ica - Department of Surgery during the years 2023 and 2024 was 10.3%, 87 patients out of a total of 845 appendectomized patients, the surgical technique that presented the lowest frequency of surgical site infection complication was the laparoscopic technique (0.24%), the phase of acute appendicitis most frequently associated with this complication was the perforated phase (6.87%), 80.46% had risk factors, the most frequent were overweight (47.12%) and obesity (25.29%), male sex predominated (59.17%) and the frequency was higher in the age group 12 to 20 years (21.84%), followed by the group between 21 and 29 years (20.69%), the average age was 31.9 years. Conclusions: The rate of surgical site infection in our health facility is high, 10.3 people per 100 patients operated on for acute appendicitis have this complication, male sex and age group 12-20 years predominated, patients operated on with laparoscopic technique are less likely to present surgical site infection as a complication, one third of patients admitted in perforated phase with peritonitis develop surgical site infection in the future, most patients present risk factors such as overweight or obesity.
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Palabras clave
Apendicitis, Cirugía convencional, Laparoscópica, Appendicitis