Conductas alimentarias y diagnóstico de hemoglobina en niños menores de 5 años atendidos en el Puesto de Salud La Venta - Ica
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
La anemia infantil está estrechamente relacionada con las conductas alimentarias, ya que una
dieta baja en hierro es una de las principales causas de esta condición. Objetivo: Determinar la
relación entre conductas alimentarias y el diagnóstico de hemoglobina en niños menores de 5 años
atendidos en el Puesto de Salud La Venta, Ica. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal,
cuantitativo, correlacional y no experimental, con muestra de 220 niños y madres, aplicando la
técnica de encuesta y registro documental, como instrumento un cuestionario de conductas
alimentarias validado en el contexto nacional, y ficha de datos del diagnóstico de hemoglobina.
Resultados: Las conductas alimentarias fueron inadecuadas en 51.8%, al igual que en las
dimensiones frecuencia del consumo de alimentos 41.8%, consumo de alimentos ricos en hierro
64.5%, consumo de alimentos potenciadores de la absorción del hierro 49.1% y consumo de
alimentos inhibidores de la absorción del hierro 59.1%. Predominó el diagnóstico de anemia leve
en el 53.6%, normal (sin anemia) en 36.4% y anemia moderada en 10.0%. Se halló relación
significativa entre variables (p=0.000), observándose que la anemia leve y moderada
predominaba en niños con inadecuadas conductas alimentarias (39.1% y 7.3% respectivamente).
De igual forma se halló relación entre el diagnóstico de hemoglobina y las cuatro dimensiones de
las conductas alimentarias (p=0.000). Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa entre las
conductas alimentarias y el diagnóstico de hemoglobina en niños menores de 5 años atendidos en
el Puesto de Salud La Venta – Ica.
Childhood anemia is closely related to eating behaviors, since a low iron diet is one of the main causes of this condition. Objective: To determine the relationship between eating behaviors and the diagnosis of hemoglobin in children under 5 years of age treated at the La Venta Health Post, Ica. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative, correlational and non-experimental study, with a sample of 220 children and mothers, applying the survey and documentary record technique, as an instrument a questionnaire of eating behaviors validated in the national context, and a data sheet of the hemoglobin diagnosis. Results: Eating behaviors were inadequate in 51.8%, as well as in the dimensions frequency of food consumption 41.8%, consumption of foods rich in iron 64.5%, consumption of foods that enhance iron absorption 49.1% and consumption of foods that inhibit iron absorption 59.1%. The diagnosis of mild anemia predominated in 53.6%, normal (without anemia) in 36.4% and moderate anemia in 10.0%. A significant relationship was found between variables (p = 0.000), observing that mild and moderate anemia predominated in children with inadequate eating behaviors (39.1% and 7.3% respectively). Likewise, a relationship was found between the diagnosis of hemoglobin and the four dimensions of eating behaviors (p = 0.000). Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between eating behaviors and the diagnosis of hemoglobin in children under 5 years of age treated at the La Venta Health Post - Ica.
Childhood anemia is closely related to eating behaviors, since a low iron diet is one of the main causes of this condition. Objective: To determine the relationship between eating behaviors and the diagnosis of hemoglobin in children under 5 years of age treated at the La Venta Health Post, Ica. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative, correlational and non-experimental study, with a sample of 220 children and mothers, applying the survey and documentary record technique, as an instrument a questionnaire of eating behaviors validated in the national context, and a data sheet of the hemoglobin diagnosis. Results: Eating behaviors were inadequate in 51.8%, as well as in the dimensions frequency of food consumption 41.8%, consumption of foods rich in iron 64.5%, consumption of foods that enhance iron absorption 49.1% and consumption of foods that inhibit iron absorption 59.1%. The diagnosis of mild anemia predominated in 53.6%, normal (without anemia) in 36.4% and moderate anemia in 10.0%. A significant relationship was found between variables (p = 0.000), observing that mild and moderate anemia predominated in children with inadequate eating behaviors (39.1% and 7.3% respectively). Likewise, a relationship was found between the diagnosis of hemoglobin and the four dimensions of eating behaviors (p = 0.000). Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between eating behaviors and the diagnosis of hemoglobin in children under 5 years of age treated at the La Venta Health Post - Ica.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Conductas alimentarias, Diagnóstico de hemoglobina, Niños, Eating behaviors
