Alteración de los marcadores hematológicos y bioquímicos como forma de estratificación de riesgos y evaluación en pacientes COVID-19, atendidos en el Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos Señor de Luren, Ica. enero a diciembre 2021
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2023
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ocasionó un porcentaje
importante de casos graves o críticos y una tasa de letalidad bruta que supera el 3 %; aparte de
afectar al tracto respiratorio, también ataca al sistema cardiovascular, respiratorio,
gastrointestinal, neurológico, hematopoyético e inmunológico. El objetivo de la investigación fue
identificar la alteración de marcadores hematológicos y bioquímicos como forma de
estratificación de riesgos y evaluación en 290 pacientes COVID-19, que fueron atendidos en el
laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos Señor de Luren, Ica, entre enero a diciembre 2021, mediante un
estudio retrospectivo; los datos fueron tratados con el Chi cuadrado. Se encontró valores
hematológicos (82,8%) y bioquímicos (84,1%) alterados, donde la anemia (10,7%), leucocitosis
(36,6%), neutrofilia (50,7%) y linfopenia (38,3%) corresponden a alteraciones hematológicas;
mientras que, entre los bioquímicos, hubo incremento de la deshidrogenasa láctica (22,8%),
ferritina (11,4%) y proteína C reactiva (80,3%); categorizándose la enfermedad como leve (56,2%
vs 56,6%), moderada (21,4% vs 22,1%), y severa (4,5% vs 4,8%), sin asociación con los valores
hematológicos (p > 0,05); pero sí con los bioquímicos (p < 0,05); asimismo, no se halló
dependencia del sexo, edad ni de la comorbilidad presentada por los pacientes con COVID-19 (p
> 0,05), siendo como consecuencia de la virulencia del patógeno. Concluyendo que el COVID19 sigue comportándose como una enfermedad grave por la severidad de la sintomatología.
The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a significant percentage of serious or critical cases and a crude fatality rate that exceeds 3%; Apart from affecting the respiratory tract, it also attacks the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematopoietic and immune systems. The objective of the research was to identify the alteration of hematological and biochemical markers as a form of risk stratification and evaluation in 290 COVID-19 patients, who were treated at the Señor de Luren Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Ica, between January and December 2021. through a retrospective study; the data was treated with the Chi square. Altered hematological (82.8%) and biochemical (84.1%) values were found, where anemia (10.7%), leukocytosis (36.6%), neutrophilia (50.7%) and lymphopenia (38. 3%) correspond to hematological alterations; while, among the biochemicals, there was an increase in lactic dehydrogenase (22.8%), ferritin (11.4%) and C-reactive protein (80.3%); categorizing the disease as mild (56.2% vs 56.6%), moderate (21.4% vs 22.1%), and severe (4.5% vs 4.8%), without association with hematological values (p > 0.05); but yes with biochemicals (p < 0.05); Likewise, no dependence on sex, age or comorbidity presented by patients with COVID-19 (p > 0.05) was found, being as a consequence of the virulence of the pathogen. Concluding that COVID-19 continues to behave as a serious disease due to the severity of the symptoms.
The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused a significant percentage of serious or critical cases and a crude fatality rate that exceeds 3%; Apart from affecting the respiratory tract, it also attacks the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematopoietic and immune systems. The objective of the research was to identify the alteration of hematological and biochemical markers as a form of risk stratification and evaluation in 290 COVID-19 patients, who were treated at the Señor de Luren Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Ica, between January and December 2021. through a retrospective study; the data was treated with the Chi square. Altered hematological (82.8%) and biochemical (84.1%) values were found, where anemia (10.7%), leukocytosis (36.6%), neutrophilia (50.7%) and lymphopenia (38. 3%) correspond to hematological alterations; while, among the biochemicals, there was an increase in lactic dehydrogenase (22.8%), ferritin (11.4%) and C-reactive protein (80.3%); categorizing the disease as mild (56.2% vs 56.6%), moderate (21.4% vs 22.1%), and severe (4.5% vs 4.8%), without association with hematological values (p > 0.05); but yes with biochemicals (p < 0.05); Likewise, no dependence on sex, age or comorbidity presented by patients with COVID-19 (p > 0.05) was found, being as a consequence of the virulence of the pathogen. Concluding that COVID-19 continues to behave as a serious disease due to the severity of the symptoms.
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Palabras clave
COVID-19, Alteraciones hematológicas, Alteraciones bioquímicas, Categorización de la enfermedad