Factores condicionantes de úlceras crónicas de etiología vascular en extremidades inferiores en pacientes del Hospital Santa María del Socorro de Ica 2022-2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Introducción: Las úlceras crónicas generan en los pacientes dolor, impotencia funcional,
disminución de la calidad de vida siendo modificables muchos de sus factores.
Objetivo. Determinar cuáles son los factores condicionantes de úlceras crónicas de etiología
vascular en extremidades inferiores en pacientes del Hospital Santa María del Socorro de Ica
2022 – 2024.
Material y métodos. Estudio no experimental, trasversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de enfoque
cuantitativo, desarrollado en historias clínicas de 138 pacientes de una población de 216
pacientes con úlceras de origen vascular.
Resultados: La mayor proporción de casos de úlceras vasculares son de origen arterial (81,9), el
grupo de edad de 60 a 64 años tiene la mayor frecuencia 40,7% el sexo masculino 54,9%, de
tipo diabético 68,1%, seguido de las por presión o escaras 26,5% y por vasculitis 5,3%, el
68,1% son profundas de tipo limpia fueron el 18,6% con tejido gangrenado 52,2% e infectadas
el 29,2%, de 2 centímetros a más 83,2%, el 72,6% de pacientes tubo diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el
37,2% tuvo hipertensión arterial, el 5,3% tuvo enfermedad renal crónica y el 13,3% tuvo
obesidad. el 28,3% consumen tabaco y el 23% consumen alcohol. En las ulceras venosas el
grupo de edad de 68 a 79 años es la más frecuente 52%, el sexo femenino fue de 64% por
bipedestación 56% el 60% son superficiales, el 36% de pacientes tubo diabetes mellitus tipo 2,
el 24% tuvo hipertensión arterial, ninguno tuvo enfermedad renal crónica y el 16% tuvo
obesidad, el 36% de pacientes con úlcera vascular venosas consumen tabaco y el 28%
consumen alcohol.
Conclusión: Las ulceras vasculares de origen arterial son más frecuentes que las venosas.
Introduction: Chronic ulcers cause pain, functional impairment, and decreased quality of life in patients, although many of their contributing factors are modifiable. Objective: To determine the contributing factors of chronic vascular ulcers in the lower limbs in patients from the Santa María del Socorro Hospital in Ica during 2022–2024. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, based on the medical records of 138 patients from a population of 216 patients with ulcers of vascular origin. Results: The majority of vascular ulcers were of arterial origin (81.9%). The age group 60 to 64 years had the highest frequency at 40.7%, Males accounted for 54.9%, Diabetic ulcers made up 68.1%, followed by pressure ulcers or bedsores at 26.5% and ulcers due to vasculitis at 5.3%, About 68.1% were deep ulcers. Clean-type ulcers accounted for 18.6%, gangrenous tissue was present in 52.2%, and infected ulcers in 29.2%, Ulcers measuring 2 cm or more were found in 83.2%, Among patients, 72.6% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 37.2%, had arterial hypertension, 5.3% had chronic kidney disease, and 13.3%, were obese. Tobacco use was reported in 28.3% and alcohol use in 23%, In venous ulcers, the most affected age group was 68 to 79 years at 52%, and 64% were female, Prolonged standing was a factor in 56%, and 60%, of ulcers were superficial. Among these patients, 36%, had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 24%, had hypertension, none had chronic kidney disease, and 16% were obese. Tobacco use was reported in 36% and alcohol consumption in 28% of patients with venous vascular ulcers. Conclusion: Vascular ulcers of arterial origin are more frequent than venous ulcers.
Introduction: Chronic ulcers cause pain, functional impairment, and decreased quality of life in patients, although many of their contributing factors are modifiable. Objective: To determine the contributing factors of chronic vascular ulcers in the lower limbs in patients from the Santa María del Socorro Hospital in Ica during 2022–2024. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, based on the medical records of 138 patients from a population of 216 patients with ulcers of vascular origin. Results: The majority of vascular ulcers were of arterial origin (81.9%). The age group 60 to 64 years had the highest frequency at 40.7%, Males accounted for 54.9%, Diabetic ulcers made up 68.1%, followed by pressure ulcers or bedsores at 26.5% and ulcers due to vasculitis at 5.3%, About 68.1% were deep ulcers. Clean-type ulcers accounted for 18.6%, gangrenous tissue was present in 52.2%, and infected ulcers in 29.2%, Ulcers measuring 2 cm or more were found in 83.2%, Among patients, 72.6% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 37.2%, had arterial hypertension, 5.3% had chronic kidney disease, and 13.3%, were obese. Tobacco use was reported in 28.3% and alcohol use in 23%, In venous ulcers, the most affected age group was 68 to 79 years at 52%, and 64% were female, Prolonged standing was a factor in 56%, and 60%, of ulcers were superficial. Among these patients, 36%, had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 24%, had hypertension, none had chronic kidney disease, and 16% were obese. Tobacco use was reported in 36% and alcohol consumption in 28% of patients with venous vascular ulcers. Conclusion: Vascular ulcers of arterial origin are more frequent than venous ulcers.
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Factores, Determinantes, Ulceras, Crónicas, Vasculares, Miembros, Inferiores, Factors