Aislamiento microbiológico y sensibilidad antimicrobiana en muestras clínicas de pacientes del servicio de cuidados críticos de adultos del Hospital Regional de Ica en el 2023
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Identificar los microorganismos aislados y determinar sus perfiles de sensibilidad
antimicrobianos en las muestras clínicas de los pacientes del servicio de cuidados críticos de adultos
del Hospital Regional de Ica en el 2023.
Materiales y método. Estudio de tipo básico, nivel descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño
hermenéutico, transversal. La población se compuso por 1,433 muestras procesadas por orden del
servicio de Cuidados Críticos de Adultos del Hospital Regional de Ica en el año 2023, de los que se
incluyeron todas las muestras, sin tomar muestras. La técnica de recolección de datos fue el acopio
de información y no se emplearon instrumentos de medición, por lo que se recolectó la información
directamente desde la base de datos del área de microbiología del servicio de Patología Clínica. El
análisis de datos consideró los cálculos estadísticos hechos para el diseño de los antibiogramas
según el método de difusión de disco Kirby Bauer, estadígrafos descriptivos de frecuencias y
medidas de resumen.
Resultados y conclusiones. Siguiendo los objetivos planteados, se encontró que el servicio de
cuidados críticos de adultos del hospital en estudio, en el 2023 ordenó procesar 1,475 muestras,
siendo en su mayoría muestras de secreciones del tracto respiratorio inferior (50%) y orina (23%);
resultaros positivas 200 para bacterias gramnegativas, 55 para bacterias grampositivas y 64 fueron
hongos; es éstas, se identificaron mayormente las especies Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%,
sensibles 25% a amikacina y resistentes 73% a ceftazidima), Candida albicans (13%, sin pruebas de
sensibilidad efectuadas), Escherichia coli (12%, sensibles 74% a amikacina y resistentes 79%
cefepime) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%, sensible 80% a amikacina y resistente 71% a cefepime).
To identify the isolated microorganisms and determine their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles in clinical samples from patients in the adult critical care service of the Ica Regional Hospital in 2023. Materials and method. Basic type study, descriptive level, quantitative approach, hermeneutic design, cross-sectional. The population was composed of 1,433 samples processed by order of the Adult Critical Care service of the Ica Regional Hospital in 2023, of which all samples were included, without taking sample groups. The data collection technique was the collection of information and no measuring instruments were used, so the information was collected directly from the database of the microbiology area of the Clinical Pathology service. The data analysis considered the statistical calculations made for the design of the antibiograms according to the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, descriptive statistics of frequencies and summary measures. Results and conclusions. Following the objectives set, it was found that the adult critical care service of the hospital under study, in 2023 ordered the processing of 1,475 samples, the majority of which were samples of lower respiratory tract secretions (50%) and urine (23%); 200 were positive for gram-negative bacteria, 55 for gram-positive bacteria and 64 were fungi; Among these, the most commonly identified species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%, 25% sensitive to amikacin and 73% resistant to ceftazidime), Candida albicans (13%, no sensitivity tests performed), Escherichia coli (12%, 74% sensitive to amikacin and 79% resistant to cefepime) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%, 80% sensitive to amikacin and 71% resistant to cefepime).
To identify the isolated microorganisms and determine their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles in clinical samples from patients in the adult critical care service of the Ica Regional Hospital in 2023. Materials and method. Basic type study, descriptive level, quantitative approach, hermeneutic design, cross-sectional. The population was composed of 1,433 samples processed by order of the Adult Critical Care service of the Ica Regional Hospital in 2023, of which all samples were included, without taking sample groups. The data collection technique was the collection of information and no measuring instruments were used, so the information was collected directly from the database of the microbiology area of the Clinical Pathology service. The data analysis considered the statistical calculations made for the design of the antibiograms according to the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, descriptive statistics of frequencies and summary measures. Results and conclusions. Following the objectives set, it was found that the adult critical care service of the hospital under study, in 2023 ordered the processing of 1,475 samples, the majority of which were samples of lower respiratory tract secretions (50%) and urine (23%); 200 were positive for gram-negative bacteria, 55 for gram-positive bacteria and 64 were fungi; Among these, the most commonly identified species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%, 25% sensitive to amikacin and 73% resistant to ceftazidime), Candida albicans (13%, no sensitivity tests performed), Escherichia coli (12%, 74% sensitive to amikacin and 79% resistant to cefepime) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%, 80% sensitive to amikacin and 71% resistant to cefepime).
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Palabras clave
Aislamiento microbiológico, Identificación microbiológica, Perfil antimicrobiano, Clinical laboratory