Consumo de alimento azucarado y la obesidad en escolares, púber de la provincia de Ica - Perú 2015
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el consumo de
alimentos azucarados y la obesidad en escolares púber de la provincia de Ica – Perú, 2015.
Metodología: Tipo Básica, enfoque cuantitativo, nivel descriptiva - relacional, diseño no
experimental – correlacional - corte transversal, La población estuvo conformada por 364
escolares entre 11 y 12 años de edad, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio. Para la
recolección de datos se emplearon dos instrumentos: una lista de verificación del consumo de
alimentos azucarados y una ficha de evaluación antropométrica (peso, talla e índice de masa
corporal - IMC).
Los resultados indicaron que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el consumo
de alimentos azucarados y la obesidad, con un coeficiente de correlación de Spearman de ρ =
0.764 (p = 0.000). Asimismo, se comprobó una correlación significativa entre la frecuencia, tipo,
cantidad y contexto del consumo de estos alimentos con los niveles de IMC en los escolares
púberes. Estas relaciones positivas muestran que el aumento en la ingesta de alimentos
azucarados, especialmente ultraprocesados, influye directamente en el desarrollo de sobrepeso y
obesidad.
Se concluye que el consumo de alimentos azucarados representa un factor determinante en la
aparición de obesidad en escolares púberes. En consecuencia, se recomienda implementar
políticas preventivas en el entorno escolar y familiar, fomentar una cultura alimentaria saludable
desde edades tempranas y controlar los factores ambientales que favorecen este tipo de consumo.
The present study aimed to determine the relationship between sugary food consumption and obesity in adolescent schoolchildren in the province of Ica, Peru, in 2015. Methodology: Basic, quantitative approach, descriptive-relational level, non-experimental-correlational-cross- sectional design. The population consisted of 364 schoolchildren between 11 and 12 years of age, selected through random sampling. Two instruments were used for data collection: a sugary food consumption checklist and an anthropometric assessment form (weight, height, and body mass index - BMI). The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between sugary food consumption and obesity, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of ρ = 0.764 (p = 0.000). A significant correlation was also found between the frequency, type, quantity, and context of sugary food consumption and BMI levels in adolescent schoolchildren. These positive relationships show that increased intake of sugary foods, especially ultra-processed foods, directly influences the development of overweight and obesity. It is concluded that the consumption of sugary foods is a determining factor in the development of obesity in adolescent schoolchildren. Consequently, it is recommended to implement preventive policies in the school and family environment, promote a healthy eating culture from an early age, and control environmental factors that promote this type of consumption.
The present study aimed to determine the relationship between sugary food consumption and obesity in adolescent schoolchildren in the province of Ica, Peru, in 2015. Methodology: Basic, quantitative approach, descriptive-relational level, non-experimental-correlational-cross- sectional design. The population consisted of 364 schoolchildren between 11 and 12 years of age, selected through random sampling. Two instruments were used for data collection: a sugary food consumption checklist and an anthropometric assessment form (weight, height, and body mass index - BMI). The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between sugary food consumption and obesity, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of ρ = 0.764 (p = 0.000). A significant correlation was also found between the frequency, type, quantity, and context of sugary food consumption and BMI levels in adolescent schoolchildren. These positive relationships show that increased intake of sugary foods, especially ultra-processed foods, directly influences the development of overweight and obesity. It is concluded that the consumption of sugary foods is a determining factor in the development of obesity in adolescent schoolchildren. Consequently, it is recommended to implement preventive policies in the school and family environment, promote a healthy eating culture from an early age, and control environmental factors that promote this type of consumption.
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Palabras clave
Obesidad infantil, Alimentos azucarados, Escolares púberes, Indice de masa corporal, Salud escolar