Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolución de los pacientes operados de apendicitis aguda en el hospital regional de Ica 2024
Fecha
2025
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolución de los pacientes
operados de apendicitis aguda en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2024. Metodología: Estudio no
experimental, trasversal, retrospectiva, descriptiva, de nivel descriptivo en una muestra de 163
pacientes que fueron extraídos de un población de 282 pacientes. La información se obtuvo de
las historias clínicas y procesadas en el programa estadístico SPSS v29. Resultados: La
apendicitis aguda es prevalente en las edades de 15 a 29 años (46,6% de los casos) y entre los
30 y 45 años (32,5%), y en menor proporción en las edades de 46 años a más (20,9%). El 52,1%
de los pacientes eran masculinos. El tiempo de evolución de los pacientes con apendicitis aguda
son mayormente de 12 a 24 horas (49,7%) y de mas de 24 horas (40,5%) y en menor proporción
antes de las 12 horas de iniciados los síntomas (9,8%). En el 61,5% de los pacientes la Escala de
Alvarado tuvo puntajes de 8 a 10. El estadio que mas prevaleció del cuadro apendicular al
momento del diagnóstico fue la gangrenada (36,8%), seguido de flemonoso (26,4%), le sigue el
estadio perforado (19,6%) y en menor proporción en estadio congestivo (17,2%). El tiempo de
hospitalización de los pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda fue mayormente menos de 8
días (44,8%), seguido de 8 a 14 días (28,2%), algunos de 15 a 30 días (18,4%) y menos mayor
de 30 días (8,6%). El 40,5% de los pacientes presentó alguna complicación posoperatoria. La
complicación posoperatoria más frecuente fue la infección del sitio operatorio (31,3%), seguido
de las hemorragias (8,7%), en menor proporción absceso (4,9%), fístula (5,5%) y dehiscencia
(3,1%). La tasa de mortalidad en los pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda fue de 0,6%.
Conclusiones: La edad prevalente esta entre 15 a 45 años y de sexo masculino, el tiempo de
evolución más frecuente es 12 a 24 horas, con Escala de Alvarado mayormente de 8 a 10 puntos
operándose en estadio gangrenado, el tiempo de hospitalización de 8 a 14 días presentando
complicaciones posoperatorias el 40,5% con una tasa de mortalidad de 0,06%
Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as the evolution of patients undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis at the Regional Hospital of Ica in 2024. Methodology: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study with a descriptive level was conducted on a sample of 163 patients, extracted from a population of 282 patients. The information was obtained from medical records and processed using the statistical software SPSS v29. Results: Acute appendicitis is most prevalent in individuals aged 15 to 29 years (46.6% of cases), followed by those aged 30 to 45 years (32.5%), and less frequently in those aged 46 years and older (20.9%). Male patients accounted for 52.1% of the cases. The time of evolution of acute appendicitis was mainly between 12 to 24 hours (49.7%) and more than 24 hours (40.5%), with a lower proportion of cases occurring before 12 hours of symptom onset (9.8%). In 61.5% of patients, the Alvarado Score ranged from 8 to 10. The most prevalent stage of appendicitis at the time of diagnosis was gangrenous (36.8%), followed by phlegmonous (26.4%), perforated (19.6%), and, in a lower proportion, congestive (17.2%). The hospitalization period for patients who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis was mostly less than 8 days (44.8%), followed by 8 to 14 days (28.2%), some cases lasting 15 to 30 days (18.4%), and a smaller proportion exceeding 30 days (8.6%). Postoperative complications occurred in 40.5% of patients. The most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection (31.3%), followed by hemorrhage (8.7%), abscess (4.9%), fistula (5.5%), and wound dehiscence (3.1%). The mortality rate among patients who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis was 0.6%. Conclusions: The prevalent age range is between 15 and 45 years and predominantly male. The most common duration of symptoms is 12 to 24 hours, with an Alvarado Score mostly between 8 and 10 points, and surgery being performed at the gangrenous stage. The hospitalization period ranges from 8 to 14 days, with postoperative complications occurring in 40.5% of cases and a mortality rate of 0.06%.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as the evolution of patients undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis at the Regional Hospital of Ica in 2024. Methodology: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study with a descriptive level was conducted on a sample of 163 patients, extracted from a population of 282 patients. The information was obtained from medical records and processed using the statistical software SPSS v29. Results: Acute appendicitis is most prevalent in individuals aged 15 to 29 years (46.6% of cases), followed by those aged 30 to 45 years (32.5%), and less frequently in those aged 46 years and older (20.9%). Male patients accounted for 52.1% of the cases. The time of evolution of acute appendicitis was mainly between 12 to 24 hours (49.7%) and more than 24 hours (40.5%), with a lower proportion of cases occurring before 12 hours of symptom onset (9.8%). In 61.5% of patients, the Alvarado Score ranged from 8 to 10. The most prevalent stage of appendicitis at the time of diagnosis was gangrenous (36.8%), followed by phlegmonous (26.4%), perforated (19.6%), and, in a lower proportion, congestive (17.2%). The hospitalization period for patients who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis was mostly less than 8 days (44.8%), followed by 8 to 14 days (28.2%), some cases lasting 15 to 30 days (18.4%), and a smaller proportion exceeding 30 days (8.6%). Postoperative complications occurred in 40.5% of patients. The most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection (31.3%), followed by hemorrhage (8.7%), abscess (4.9%), fistula (5.5%), and wound dehiscence (3.1%). The mortality rate among patients who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis was 0.6%. Conclusions: The prevalent age range is between 15 and 45 years and predominantly male. The most common duration of symptoms is 12 to 24 hours, with an Alvarado Score mostly between 8 and 10 points, and surgery being performed at the gangrenous stage. The hospitalization period ranges from 8 to 14 days, with postoperative complications occurring in 40.5% of cases and a mortality rate of 0.06%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Características, Epidemiológicas, Clínicas, Evolución, Apendicitis, Aguda