Obtención de vinagre a partir de subproducto de Opuntia ficus indica; (L) Mill y determinación de sus características frente a vinagres comerciales
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
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Este trabajo es un estudio experimental transversal con el objetivo de determinar el posible
aprovechamiento de los residuos que quedan después de separar el zumo o jugo de pulpa de las
tunas rojas. Los residuos de pulpa son tratados en la proporción peso de residuo de pulpa-peso de
solvente 1:1, 1:2 y 1:3 con agua destilada y mezcla etanol agua-destilada 10 :90 para obtener
menstruos de residuos de pulpa y se chaptalizan. Se determinan las características organolépticas
y físico química de los menstruos y se eligen los mejores para la obtención del vinagre. Se ensayan
dos métodos para obtener el vinagre por incorporación de Saccharomyces cerevisiae con y sin
aireación del sistema. Los vinagres obtenidos son analizados para determinar sus características
organolépticas y físico quicas y los resultados son comparados con los del análisis de dos vinagres
comerciales en sus presentaciones tinto y blanco respectivamente.
Se investiga la presencia de compuestos de naturaleza fenólica y actividad antioxidante de las
muestras analizadas. Determinándose compuestos de naturaleza fenólica solamente en los
vinagres procedentes de los procesos 2 y 5 descritos en este trabajo más no en los vinagres
comerciales. El contenido de fenoles totales en los vinagres procedentes de los procesos 2 y 5
son equivalentes al de soluciones de ácido gálico de concentraciones de 27.206 mg y 13.079
mg/100 mL. y tienen la capacidad para actividad de inhibir el radical DPPH, respectivamente, el
23.69 y 9.93 % de una solución del radical libre DPPH de absorbancia 1.038 y son equivalentes
a la actividad antioxidante de soluciones de ácido gálico de concentraciones 10.072 y 3.112
mg/100 mL, respectivamente.
This work is a cross-sectional experimental study with the objective of determining the possible use of the waste that remains after separating the juice or pulp of red prickly pears. The pulp residues are treated in the proportion weight of pulp residue-weight of solvent 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 with distilled water and a 10:90 water-distilled ethanol mixture to obtain menses from pulp residues and chaptalize. The organoleptic and phycochemical characteristics of the menstruations are determined and the best ones are chosen to obtain the vinegar. Two methods are tested to obtain vinegar by incorporating Saccharomyces cerevisiae with and without aeration of the system. The vinegars obtained are analyzed to determine their organoleptic and physical characteristics and the results are compared with those of the analysis of two commercial vinegars in their red and white presentations respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples is investigated. Compounds of a phenolic nature were determined only in the vinegars from processes 2 and 5 described in this work, but not in the commercial vinegars. The content of total phenols in the vinegars from processes 2 and 5 are equivalent to that of gallic acid solutions with concentrations of 27,206 mg and 13,079 mg/100 mL. and have the capacity to inhibit the DPPH radical, respectively, 23.69 and 9.93% of a solution of the DPPH free radical with absorbance 1.038 and are equivalent to the antioxidant activity of gallic acid solutions of concentrations 10.072 and 3.112 mg/100 mL, respectively.
This work is a cross-sectional experimental study with the objective of determining the possible use of the waste that remains after separating the juice or pulp of red prickly pears. The pulp residues are treated in the proportion weight of pulp residue-weight of solvent 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 with distilled water and a 10:90 water-distilled ethanol mixture to obtain menses from pulp residues and chaptalize. The organoleptic and phycochemical characteristics of the menstruations are determined and the best ones are chosen to obtain the vinegar. Two methods are tested to obtain vinegar by incorporating Saccharomyces cerevisiae with and without aeration of the system. The vinegars obtained are analyzed to determine their organoleptic and physical characteristics and the results are compared with those of the analysis of two commercial vinegars in their red and white presentations respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples is investigated. Compounds of a phenolic nature were determined only in the vinegars from processes 2 and 5 described in this work, but not in the commercial vinegars. The content of total phenols in the vinegars from processes 2 and 5 are equivalent to that of gallic acid solutions with concentrations of 27,206 mg and 13,079 mg/100 mL. and have the capacity to inhibit the DPPH radical, respectively, 23.69 and 9.93% of a solution of the DPPH free radical with absorbance 1.038 and are equivalent to the antioxidant activity of gallic acid solutions of concentrations 10.072 and 3.112 mg/100 mL, respectively.
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Palabras clave
Opuntia ficus indica, Vinagre, Actividad antioxidante, Obtaining vinegar