Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y patológicas de los pacientes operados de colecistectomía laparoscópica en el hospital de Nazca 2023 al 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y patológicas de los pacientes operados de colecistectomía laparoscópica en el hospital de Nazca 2023 al 2024.
Metodología: Investigación no experimental, retrospectiva, descriptiva de enfoque cuantitativo y de nivel descriptivo. En una población de 248 pacientes operados de colecistectomía laparoscópica de donde se obtuvo una muestra a estudiar de 151 pacientes, los resultados se presentan con 95% de confianza.
Resultados: El perfil epidemiológico fue predominantemente femenino (57,6%) y de edad adulta joven y media (63,6% entre 14-49 años). Un 45% (n=68) de los pacientes presentó
comorbilidades, siendo las más frecuentes el exceso de peso (51,4% de este subgrupo), la
hipertensión arterial (23,6%) y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (19,1%). Clínicamente, el 58,3% de las cirugías se realizó en estadio crónico.
La tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias fue del 19,9% (n=30), destacando la infección del sitio operatorio (43,3% de los casos complicados), la hemorragia (23,4%) y la fuga biliar (20,0%). A pesar de esto, la estancia hospitalaria fue mayoritariamente corta (<2 días en el 77,5% de los casos). El análisis patológico final reportó 53% de casos no complicados; del 47% de casos complicados, los diagnósticos incluyeron colecistitis aguda (31,1%), hidrocolecisto (11,9%) y piocolecisto (2,6%). Ocurrieron lesiones quirúrgicas graves en el 4,6% de los procedimientos, principalmente de vía biliar y duodeno. La tasa final de reintervención fue del 8,6%.
Conclusiones: El perfil del paciente es mayoritariamente femenino y adulto joven, con una alta
carga de comorbilidades. Si bien la mayoría de los casos se intervinieron en fase crónica con una recuperación rápida, los cuadros agudos se asociaron a una mayor morbilidad. A pesar de ser un procedimiento seguro, existe un riesgo definido de lesiones graves (4,6%) y reintervenciones (8,6%), siendo la infección del sitio operatorio la complicación postoperatoria más frecuente.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Nazca Hospital from 2023 to 2024. Methodology: A non-experimental, retrospective, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted. From a population of 248 patients, a sample of 151 was analyzed, with results presented at a 95% confidence level. Results: The epidemiological profile was predominantly female (57.6%) and of young to middle adult age (63.6% between 14-49 years). Forty-five percent (n=68) of patients presented with comorbidities, the most frequent being excess weight (51.4% of this subgroup), arterial hypertension (23.6%), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (19.1%). Clinically, 58.3% of surgeries were performed in a chronic stage. The postoperative complication rate was 19.9% (n=30), highlighting surgical site infection (43.3% of complicated cases), hemorrhage (23.4%), and bile leak (20.0%). Despite this, the hospital stay was mostly short (<2 days in 77.5% of cases). Final pathological analysis reported 53% non-complicated cases; of the 47% of complicated cases, diagnoses included acute cholecystitis (31.1%), hydrops of the gallbladder (11.9%), and pyocholecystitis (2.6%). Serious surgical injuries occurred in 4.6% of procedures, mainly involving the bile duct and duodenum. The final re-intervention rate was 8.6%. Conclusions: The patient profile is predominantly female and young adult, with a high burden of comorbidities. While most cases were operated on in the chronic phase with a rapid recovery, acute conditions were associated with higher morbidity. Despite being a safe procedure, there is a defined risk of serious injuries (4.6%) and re-interventions (8.6%), with surgical site infection being the most frequent postoperative complication.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Nazca Hospital from 2023 to 2024. Methodology: A non-experimental, retrospective, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted. From a population of 248 patients, a sample of 151 was analyzed, with results presented at a 95% confidence level. Results: The epidemiological profile was predominantly female (57.6%) and of young to middle adult age (63.6% between 14-49 years). Forty-five percent (n=68) of patients presented with comorbidities, the most frequent being excess weight (51.4% of this subgroup), arterial hypertension (23.6%), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (19.1%). Clinically, 58.3% of surgeries were performed in a chronic stage. The postoperative complication rate was 19.9% (n=30), highlighting surgical site infection (43.3% of complicated cases), hemorrhage (23.4%), and bile leak (20.0%). Despite this, the hospital stay was mostly short (<2 days in 77.5% of cases). Final pathological analysis reported 53% non-complicated cases; of the 47% of complicated cases, diagnoses included acute cholecystitis (31.1%), hydrops of the gallbladder (11.9%), and pyocholecystitis (2.6%). Serious surgical injuries occurred in 4.6% of procedures, mainly involving the bile duct and duodenum. The final re-intervention rate was 8.6%. Conclusions: The patient profile is predominantly female and young adult, with a high burden of comorbidities. While most cases were operated on in the chronic phase with a rapid recovery, acute conditions were associated with higher morbidity. Despite being a safe procedure, there is a defined risk of serious injuries (4.6%) and re-interventions (8.6%), with surgical site infection being the most frequent postoperative complication.
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Palabras clave
Características, Epidemiológicas, Clínicas, Patológicas, Colecistectomía, Laparoscópica, Characteristics
