Factores asociados a la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores atendidos en el Centro de Salud Santiago, Ica 2023

Abstract

Determinar los factores asociados a la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores atendidos en el Centro de Salud Santiago, Ica 2023. Investigación cuantitativa, transversal, nivel correlacional y diseño no experimental, con muestra de 157 adultos mayores, aplicándose la técnica de entrevista, como instrumento una ficha de recojo de datos validada por expertos. Predominó la dependencia funcional leve 49%. En factores sociodemográficos predominó la edad 70-79 años 42.7%, sexo femenino 65.0%, educación primaria 40.2%, casados 55.4%, nivel económico bajo 77.7%, no vivir solo 82.2%, tener a quien recurrir en urgencia 92.4%, y con SIS 66.2%. En factores clínicos predominó: Deterioro cognitivo leve 40.1%, estado nutricional normal 56.7%, 1-2 comorbilidades 52.8%, depresión 51.6%, sin hospitalización reciente 82.2%, sin polifarmacia 65.6%, fuerza muscular en extremidad inferior 10-20 segundos 47.1%, sin riesgo de sarcopenia 60.5%, pre frágil 49%, velocidad de marcha ≤ 0.7 m/s 70.7%, normal fuerza de prensión manual 70.1%, con discapacidad visual 72.6%, y sin pérdida auditiva 58.0%. Los factores sociodemográficos asociados fueron: Edad (p=0.000), nivel educativo (p=0.021), nivel económico (p=0.030). Los factores clínicos asociados fueron: Estado cognitivo (p=0.000), estado nutricional (p=0.000), comorbilidad (p=0.015), depresión (p=0.005), hospitalización reciente (p=0.002), polifarmacia (p=0.000), fuerza muscular (p=0.000), riesgo de sarcopenia (p=0.000), fragilidad (p=0.000), velocidad de marcha (p=0.000), fuerza de prensión manual (p=0.000), discapacidad visual (p=0.003) y pérdida auditiva (p=0.001). Existen factores asociados a la capacidad funcional en los adultos mayores, los cuales son sociodemográficos y clínicos (p<0.05).

To determine the factors associated with functional capacity in older adults cared for at the Santiago Health Center, Ica 2023. Quantitative, cross-sectional research, correlational level and non-experimental design, with a sample of 157 older adults, applying the interview technique, as an instrument a data collection form validated by experts. Mild functional dependence predominated 49%. In sociodemographic factors, the predominant factors were age 70-79 years 42.7%, female sex 65.0%, primary education 40.2%, married 55.4%, low economic level 77.7%, not living alone 82.2%, having someone to turn to in an emergency 92.4%, and with SIS 66.2%. In clinical factors, the following predominated: Mild cognitive impairment 40.1%, normal nutritional status 56.7%, 1-2 comorbidities 52.8%, depression 51.6%, no recent hospitalization 82.2%, no polypharmacy 65.6%, muscle strength in lower extremity 10-20 seconds 47.1%, no risk of sarcopenia 60.5%, pre-frail 49%, walking speed ≤ 0.7 m/s 70.7%, normal hand grip strength 70.1%, with visual disability 72.6%, and without hearing loss 58.0%. The associated sociodemographic factors were: Age (p = 0.000), educational level (p = 0.021), economic level (p = 0.030). The associated clinical factors were: cognitive status (p=0.000), nutritional status (p=0.000), comorbidity (p=0.015), depression (p=0.005), recent hospitalization (p=0.002), polypharmacy (p=0.000), muscle strength (p=0.000), risk of sarcopenia (p=0.000), frailty (p=0.000), walking speed (p=0.000), handgrip strength (p=0.000), visual impairment (p=0.003) and hearing loss (p=0.001). There are factors associated with functional capacity in older adults, which are sociodemographic and clinical (p<0.05).