Profilaxis antibiótica como factor preventivo de infección de sitio operatorio en pacientes post apendicectomía, Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica - enero a julio 2023
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
El presente estudio evaluó la eficacia de la profilaxis antibiótica en la prevención de
infecciones del sitio operatorio (ISO) en pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía en el
Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica, durante el período enero-julio 2023. Se realizó un
estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, analizando datos de historias clínicas
de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente, considerando variables como el tipo de
antibiótico utilizado, el tiempo de administración y la incidencia de ISO.
Los resultados mostraron que el uso de profilaxis antibiótica redujo significativamente la
presencia de ISO, especialmente cuando se administró dentro del rango óptimo de 30 a
60 minutos previos a la cirugía (p<0.05). Se encontró que el régimen ceftriaxona +
metronidazol presentó una menor tasa de infecciones en comparación con otros
esquemas. Además, factores como la edad avanzada, el sobrepeso/obesidad y la
prolongación del tiempo quirúrgico estuvieron asociados a un mayor riesgo de
complicaciones postoperatorias.
En conclusión, la profilaxis antibiótica constituye una estrategia efectiva para reducir la
incidencia de ISO en pacientes post-apendicectomía, sin embargo, su efectividad depende
del cumplimiento estricto de los protocolos de administración. Se recomienda la
implementación y estandarización de guías clínicas, así como el monitoreo continuo de
los esquemas antibióticos utilizados, a fin de optimizar los resultados quirúrgicos y
prevenir la resistencia antimicrobiana.
The present study evaluated the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infections (SSI) in patients undergoing appendectomy at Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica, during the period January to July 2023. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted, analyzing data from patient medical records, considering variables such as the type of antibiotic used, the timing of administration, and the incidence of SSI. The results showed that the use of antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced the presence of SSI, especially when administered within the optimal range of 30 to 60 minutes before surgery (p<0.05). It was found that the ceftriaxone + metronidazole regimen had a lower infection rate compared to other schemes. Additionally, factors such as advanced age, overweight/obesity, and prolonged surgical time were associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications. In conclusion, antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of SSI in post-appendectomy patients; however, its effectiveness depends on strict adherence to administration protocols. The implementation and standardization of clinical guidelines are recommended, along with the continuous monitoring of antibiotic regimens to optimize surgical outcomes and prevent antimicrobial resistance.
The present study evaluated the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infections (SSI) in patients undergoing appendectomy at Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica, during the period January to July 2023. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted, analyzing data from patient medical records, considering variables such as the type of antibiotic used, the timing of administration, and the incidence of SSI. The results showed that the use of antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced the presence of SSI, especially when administered within the optimal range of 30 to 60 minutes before surgery (p<0.05). It was found that the ceftriaxone + metronidazole regimen had a lower infection rate compared to other schemes. Additionally, factors such as advanced age, overweight/obesity, and prolonged surgical time were associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications. In conclusion, antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of SSI in post-appendectomy patients; however, its effectiveness depends on strict adherence to administration protocols. The implementation and standardization of clinical guidelines are recommended, along with the continuous monitoring of antibiotic regimens to optimize surgical outcomes and prevent antimicrobial resistance.
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Palabras clave
Profilaxis antibiótica, Apendicectomía, Factores de riesgo, Surgical site infection