Compuestos Bioactivos y actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas (hojas, tallos, flores y frutos) de Solanum nitidum “ñuñungay”
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
En la actualidad es una práctica común el uso de plantas medicinales costumbre heredada desde tiempos ancestrales, la búsqueda de especies con potencial antioxidante se ha incrementado, como una necesidad para paliar o combatir diversas enfermedades, muchas veces sin ningún fundamento científico. El Perú es un territorio de gran diversidad en la flora nativa, debido a sus microclimas y en donde muchas especies no han sido estudiadas. Este estudio se realizó teniendo como objetivo de demostrar la presencia de compuestos bioactivos y la actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de Solanum nitidum “ñuñungay”, especie endémica de la zona de Poma en el distrito de Sucre en la región Ayacucho. El extracto se obtuvo por maceración, haciendo uso de etanol de 96º como solvente; la determinación de los compuestos bioactivos se efectuó por un screnning fitoquímico mediante el uso de reacciones de coloración y/o precipitación. La actividad antioxidante se determinó por los métodos DPPH, FRAP y ABTS. Se encontró presencia de compuestos de naturaleza flavonoides, triterpenos/esteriodes, alcaloides, compuestos fenólicos, taninos entre otros; la actividad antioxidante por el método del radical DPPH se tuvo un IC50 equivalente a 3,43 mg de extracto; en el método de radical libre ABTS se hallado un valor 17,1 mg equivalente a 1mM de trolox y en el método FRAP se obtuvo un valor 2,61 mg equivalente a 1 mM de trolox. Como conclusión el extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de Solanum nitidum “ñuñungay” presenta una actividad antioxidante de moderada a buena, la cual está relacionada con la presencia encontrada de los compuestos bioactivos detectados.
The use of medicinal plants, a custom inherited from ancient times, is now a common practice. The search for species with antioxidant potential has increased, as a necessity to alleviate or combat various diseases, often without any scientific basis. Peru is a territory of great diversity in native flora due to its microclimates, where many species have not been studied. This study was conducted to demonstrate the presence of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Solanum nitidum "ñuñungay," a species endemic to the Poma area in the Sucre district of the Ayacucho region. The extract was obtained by maceration, using 96º ethanol as a solvent; the determination of bioactive compounds was carried out by phytochemical screening through the use of coloration and/or precipitation reactions. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. The presence of compounds of flavonoid nature, triterpens/steroids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, among others, was found; the antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical method had an IC50 equivalent to 3.43 mg of extract; in the ABTS free radical method, a value of 17.1 mg equivalent to 1 mM of trolox was found, and in the FRAP method, a value of 2.61 mg equivalent to 1 mM of trolox was obtained. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Solanum nitidum "Ñuñungay" exhibits moderate to good antioxidant activity, which is related to the presence of the detected bioactive compounds.
The use of medicinal plants, a custom inherited from ancient times, is now a common practice. The search for species with antioxidant potential has increased, as a necessity to alleviate or combat various diseases, often without any scientific basis. Peru is a territory of great diversity in native flora due to its microclimates, where many species have not been studied. This study was conducted to demonstrate the presence of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Solanum nitidum "ñuñungay," a species endemic to the Poma area in the Sucre district of the Ayacucho region. The extract was obtained by maceration, using 96º ethanol as a solvent; the determination of bioactive compounds was carried out by phytochemical screening through the use of coloration and/or precipitation reactions. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. The presence of compounds of flavonoid nature, triterpens/steroids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, among others, was found; the antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical method had an IC50 equivalent to 3.43 mg of extract; in the ABTS free radical method, a value of 17.1 mg equivalent to 1 mM of trolox was found, and in the FRAP method, a value of 2.61 mg equivalent to 1 mM of trolox was obtained. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Solanum nitidum "Ñuñungay" exhibits moderate to good antioxidant activity, which is related to the presence of the detected bioactive compounds.
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Solanun nitidum, Compuestos bioactivos, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS
