Factores de riesgo para mortalidad en pacientes con cirrosis hepática en el Hospital San José de Chincha 2020-2023
Fecha
2024
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Determinar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad en pacientes con cirrosis hepática del
Hospital San José de Chincha en el periodo 2020 al 2023.
El tipo de estudio es observacional, retrospectivo y transversal, con un nivel
descriptivo no experimental; realizado en el Hospital San José de Chincha, Ica – Perú. La población
estará comprendida por 103 pacientes, de los cuales 50 son pacientes que fallecieron y 53 son
pacientes que egresaron vivos. Se recolectará la información en una ficha usando el análisis
documental de las historias clínicas, con la información obtenida se elaboró la base de datos en el
programa de Microsoft Excel, para luego ser exportado al programa estadístico SPSS donde se
generó el análisis estadístico
De los datos demográficos, la edad en que más muertes hubo, oscilaba entre 61 - 75
años (50%), y el sexo masculino fue el más frecuente (52%). De los antecedentes el 42% tenía
sobrepeso, 44% diabetes mellitus, 38% hipertensión arterial, 44% insuficiencia renal, 6%
tuberculosis. En relación a las causas, el 80% tenía un consumo crónico de alcohol y el 28% esteatosis
hepática. De los hallazgos de laboratorio el 80% tenían un hemograma anormal, el 60% bilirrubina
>3mg/dL, albúmina el 70% <2.8g/dL, creatinina el 56% 1-3mg/dL, sodio el 58% 135-145mEq/L.
De las complicaciones registradas el 61% tenía trombocitopenia, 65% anemia, 32% síndrome
hepatopulmonar, 22% síndrome hepatorrenal, 7% desnutrición, 12% peritonitis bacteriana
espontánea, 49% presentó algún grado de encefalopatía, 51% gastropatía por hipertensión, 38%
ictericia, 29% hemorragia por várices esofágicas, el 61% presentó algún grado de ascitis, 71%
hipertensión portal, 42% hemorragia digestiva, 41% infecciones, 34% várices esofágicas. Referente
al índice de MELD el 39% obtuvo un puntaje de 10-19 lo que se interpreta que tienen una
probabilidad de fallecer del 6% a los 3 meses.
Los factores de riesgo fueron el sexo masculino, el sobrepeso, la diabetes mellitus,
hipertensión arterial y la insuficiencia renal, hemograma anormal tener el alcoholismo como causa.
Las complicaciones más observadas fueron trombocitopenia, anemia, encefalopatía, gastropatía por
hipertensión, ascitis, hipertensión portal. El 39% obtuvo un índice de MELD el 39% de 10-19.
To determine the risk factors for mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis at the San José de Chincha Hospital in the period 2020 to 2023. The type of study is observational, retrospective and cross-sectional, with a non-experimental descriptive level; carried out at the San José de Chincha Hospital, Ica - Peru. The population will be comprised of 103 patients, of which 50 are patients who died and 53 are patients who were discharged alive. The information will be collected in a form using documentary analysis of the medical records, with the information obtained the database was created in the Microsoft Excel program, to then be exported to the SPSS statistical program where the statistical analysis was generated From the demographic data, the age at which most deaths occurred ranged between 61 - 75 years (50%), and the male sex was the most frequent (52%). Of the medical history, 42% were overweight, 44% had diabetes mellitus, 38% had arterial hypertension, 44% had renal failure, and 6% had tuberculosis. Regarding the causes, 80% had chronic alcohol consumption and 28% had hepatic steatosis. Of the laboratory findings, 80% had an abnormal blood count, 60% bilirubin >3 mg/dL, albumin 70% <2.8 g/dL, creatinine 56% 1-3 mg/dL, sodium 58% 135-145 mEq/L. Of the complications recorded, 61% had thrombocytopenia, 65% anemia, 32% hepatopulmonary syndrome, 22% hepatorenal syndrome, 7% malnutrition, 12% spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 49% presented some degree of encephalopathy, 51% gastropathy due to hypertension, 38% jaundice, 29% hemorrhage due to esophageal varices, 61% presented some degree of ascites, 71% portal hypertension, 42% digestive hemorrhage, 41% infections, 34% esophageal varices. Regarding the MELD index, 39% obtained a score of 10-19, which is interpreted as having a 6% probability of dying at 3 months. The risk factors were male sex, overweight, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and renal failure, abnormal blood count and having alcoholism as a cause. The most frequently observed complications were thrombocytopenia, anemia, encephalopathy, hypertensive gastropathy, ascites, and portal hypertension. 39% had a MELD score of 10-19.
To determine the risk factors for mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis at the San José de Chincha Hospital in the period 2020 to 2023. The type of study is observational, retrospective and cross-sectional, with a non-experimental descriptive level; carried out at the San José de Chincha Hospital, Ica - Peru. The population will be comprised of 103 patients, of which 50 are patients who died and 53 are patients who were discharged alive. The information will be collected in a form using documentary analysis of the medical records, with the information obtained the database was created in the Microsoft Excel program, to then be exported to the SPSS statistical program where the statistical analysis was generated From the demographic data, the age at which most deaths occurred ranged between 61 - 75 years (50%), and the male sex was the most frequent (52%). Of the medical history, 42% were overweight, 44% had diabetes mellitus, 38% had arterial hypertension, 44% had renal failure, and 6% had tuberculosis. Regarding the causes, 80% had chronic alcohol consumption and 28% had hepatic steatosis. Of the laboratory findings, 80% had an abnormal blood count, 60% bilirubin >3 mg/dL, albumin 70% <2.8 g/dL, creatinine 56% 1-3 mg/dL, sodium 58% 135-145 mEq/L. Of the complications recorded, 61% had thrombocytopenia, 65% anemia, 32% hepatopulmonary syndrome, 22% hepatorenal syndrome, 7% malnutrition, 12% spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 49% presented some degree of encephalopathy, 51% gastropathy due to hypertension, 38% jaundice, 29% hemorrhage due to esophageal varices, 61% presented some degree of ascites, 71% portal hypertension, 42% digestive hemorrhage, 41% infections, 34% esophageal varices. Regarding the MELD index, 39% obtained a score of 10-19, which is interpreted as having a 6% probability of dying at 3 months. The risk factors were male sex, overweight, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and renal failure, abnormal blood count and having alcoholism as a cause. The most frequently observed complications were thrombocytopenia, anemia, encephalopathy, hypertensive gastropathy, ascites, and portal hypertension. 39% had a MELD score of 10-19.
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Palabras clave
Cirrosis hepática, Factores de riesgo, Factores de mortalidad, Relevancia clínica, Liver cirrhosis