Factores asociados a la automedicación y reacciones adversas de antiinflamatorios no esteroides en pobladores que acuden a boticas del distrito de Santa Cruz – Paracas, 2023
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga. Escuela de Posgrado
Resumen
El estudio realizado en el distrito de Santa Cruz - Paracas sobre automedicación y
reacciones adversas de los AINEs reveló varios hallazgos clave: donde tuvo como
objetivo: Determinar los factores que se relacionan con la automedicación y las reacciones
adversas de los antinflamatorios no esteroides en pobladores del distrito de Santa cruz- Paracas,
2023. Metodología: Tipo de investigación: Es básica de nivel descriptivo, observacional,
transversal, diseño cuantitativo, siendo la muestra 105 personas que consumen medicamentos
antiinflamatorios no esteroides, utilizando la encuesta como técnicas de recolección de datos.
Resultados: Un 51.4% de los pobladores recurren a la automedicación, siendo los factores
socioeconómicos los más influyentes. La automedicación es más frecuente en personas
jóvenes (41.9%) y con bajo nivel educativo (38.1%). Las diferencias por sexo son
menores (20.0%). La falta de seguro de salud (42.9%), la baja accesibilidad a
medicamentos (30.5%) y el bajo nivel de ingresos (26.7%) son los principales factores
que impulsan la automedicación. La influencia de familiares y conocidos (37.1%) y la
confianza en el sistema de salud (34.3%) son factores socioculturales determinantes en la
automedicación. El 39.0% de los encuestados experimentaron efectos adversos al usar
AINEs, pero un 31.4% continuó automedicándose a pesar de estos efectos. Los problemas
gastrointestinales, reacciones alérgicas y efectos renales fueron los más comunes. Un
41.9% tenía conocimiento sobre interacciones y contraindicaciones de los AINEs, pero
solo un 22.9% entendía las normativas farmacéuticas. Se encontró una correlación
positiva moderada entre la frecuencia de automedicación y las reacciones adversas
(coeficiente 0.549). Los factores sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y socioculturales
están relacionados con la aparición de efectos adversos. A medida que la frecuencia de la
automedicación aumenta, también lo hace la incidencia de reacciones adversas,
especialmente en aquellos que se automedican "siempre" (52.5%). Conclusión: Los
resultados muestran que la automedicación en el distrito de Santa Cruz - Paracas está
estrechamente vinculada a factores sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y
socioculturales. Los factores socioeconómicos (falta de seguro de salud, bajo nivel de
ingresos y accesibilidad limitada a medicamentos) son los que más influyen en la decisión
de automedicarse. Además, la influencia de familiares y amigos y la falta de confianza en
el sistema de salud son determinantes socioculturales. El uso de AINEs sin supervisión
médica es común, y muchos de los encuestados experimentan efectos adversos, pero
continúan automedicándose sin tomar precauciones. Es urgente fomentar campañas
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educativas y mejorar el acceso a servicios de salud, especialmente para las poblaciones
más vulnerables, para prevenir los riesgos asociados con la automedicación y las
reacciones adversas a los AINEs.
The study conducted in the district of Santa Cruz – Paracas on self-medication and adverse reactions to NSAIDs revealed several key findings. The main objective was to determine the factors related to self-medication and adverse reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among residents of Santa Cruz – Paracas, 2023. Methodology: Type of research: This is a basic, descriptive-level, observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative design. The sample consisted of 105 individuals who consume non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and data was collected through surveys. Results: A total of 51.4% of the population engaged in self medication, with socioeconomic factors being the most influential. Self-medication was more common among young individuals (41.9%) and those with a low level of education (38.1%). Gender differences were minimal (20.0%). The lack of health insurance (42.9%), limited access to medications (30.5%), and low income levels (26.7%) were the main factors driving self medication. Influence from family and acquaintances (37.1%) and trust in the healthcare system (34.3%) were also significant sociocultural determinants of self-medication. About 39.0% of respondents reported experiencing adverse effects from using NSAIDs, yet 31.4% continued to self-medicate despite these effects. The most common issues included gastrointestinal problems, allergic reactions, and renal effects. While 41.9% had knowledge about NSAID interactions and contraindications, only 22.9% understood pharmaceutical regulations. A moderate positive correlation (coefficient 0.549) was found between the frequency of self-medication and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors were all related to the emergence of adverse effects. As the frequency of self-medication increased, so did the incidence of adverse reactions, particularly among those who “always” self medicate (52.5%). Conclusion: The results show that self-medication in the district of Santa Cruz – Paracas is closely linked to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors. Socioeconomic factors—such as lack of health insurance, low income, and limited access to medications—are the most influential in the decision to self-medicate. Additionally, the influence of family and friends, along with distrust in the healthcare system, are key sociocultural determinants. The use of NSAIDs without medical supervision is common, and many respondents experience adverse effects yet continue to self-medicate without taking proper precautions. There is an urgent need to promote educational campaigns and improve access to healthcare services, especially for the most vulnerable populations, in order to prevent the risks associated with self medication and adverse reactions to NSAIDs.
The study conducted in the district of Santa Cruz – Paracas on self-medication and adverse reactions to NSAIDs revealed several key findings. The main objective was to determine the factors related to self-medication and adverse reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among residents of Santa Cruz – Paracas, 2023. Methodology: Type of research: This is a basic, descriptive-level, observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative design. The sample consisted of 105 individuals who consume non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and data was collected through surveys. Results: A total of 51.4% of the population engaged in self medication, with socioeconomic factors being the most influential. Self-medication was more common among young individuals (41.9%) and those with a low level of education (38.1%). Gender differences were minimal (20.0%). The lack of health insurance (42.9%), limited access to medications (30.5%), and low income levels (26.7%) were the main factors driving self medication. Influence from family and acquaintances (37.1%) and trust in the healthcare system (34.3%) were also significant sociocultural determinants of self-medication. About 39.0% of respondents reported experiencing adverse effects from using NSAIDs, yet 31.4% continued to self-medicate despite these effects. The most common issues included gastrointestinal problems, allergic reactions, and renal effects. While 41.9% had knowledge about NSAID interactions and contraindications, only 22.9% understood pharmaceutical regulations. A moderate positive correlation (coefficient 0.549) was found between the frequency of self-medication and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors were all related to the emergence of adverse effects. As the frequency of self-medication increased, so did the incidence of adverse reactions, particularly among those who “always” self medicate (52.5%). Conclusion: The results show that self-medication in the district of Santa Cruz – Paracas is closely linked to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors. Socioeconomic factors—such as lack of health insurance, low income, and limited access to medications—are the most influential in the decision to self-medicate. Additionally, the influence of family and friends, along with distrust in the healthcare system, are key sociocultural determinants. The use of NSAIDs without medical supervision is common, and many respondents experience adverse effects yet continue to self-medicate without taking proper precautions. There is an urgent need to promote educational campaigns and improve access to healthcare services, especially for the most vulnerable populations, in order to prevent the risks associated with self medication and adverse reactions to NSAIDs.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AINEs, Fármacos, Antiinflamatorio, Automedicación, Esteroides, NSAIDs