Comparación de dos abonos orgánicos en la productividad del cultivo de Zea mays L. maíz “variedad Popcorn” en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, noviembre 2019 - abril 2020
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2022
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Los abonos orgánicos generan un impacto positivo en la agricultura, aumentando la fertilidad
de los suelos y asegurando la producción de alimentos sanos y de calidad, libres de
agroquímicos. En tal sentido, se ejecutó esta investigación con el objetivo de comparar la
productividad del cultivo de Zea mays L. variedad “Popcorn” utilizando dos abonos orgánicos,
conocer cuál de los tratamientos es más efectivo en la productividad del cultivo y determinar
si existen diferencias significativas entre estos. El estudio se desarrolló en el campo
experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional San Luis
Gonzaga, ubicada en la Panamericana Sur Km 303 a 406 m.s.n.m. Se utilizaron semillas y
plantas de maíz variedad Popcorn, composta de estiércol ovino, tratamiento 01, y composta
de estiércol caprino, tratamiento 02. Se delimitó y preparó el terreno, se aplicó el método de
siembra en bloque, se realizó el seguimiento fenológico del cultivo, efectuando labores de
labranza, deshierbe, aporcado, fertilización y riego. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio
sistemático, registrando datos paramétricos como longitud, diámetro, peso fresco y seco de los
diferentes órganos de la planta. Estos datos fueron analizados utilizando los programas
estadísticos Excel e Infostad y se determinó la tasa de crecimiento relativo ICR. El análisis de
varianza mostró diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en la productividad de los tratamientos
planteados: tratamiento 01 (IC= 0.46), tratamiento 02 (IC= 0.57) y testigo (IC= 0.38).
Concluyendo que: sí existe diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos estudiados, siendo el
tratamiento 02 el que presentó mayor productividad e ICR.
Organic fertilizers generate a positive impact on agriculture, increasing soil fertility and ensuring the production of healthy and quality food, free of agrochemicals. In this sense, this research was carried out with the objective of comparing the productivity of the cultivation of Zea mays L. variety "Popcorn" using two organic fertilizers, knowing which of the treatments is more effective in the productivity of the cultivation and determining if there are significant differences. between these. The study was carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Biological Sciences of the San Luis Gonzaga National University, located on the Panamericana Sur Km 303 at 406 m.a.s.l. They were used Popcorn variety corn seeds and plants, sheep manure compost, treatment 01, and goat manure compost, treatment 02 were used. The land was del imited and prepared, the block planting method was applied, and the phenological monitoring of the crop was carried out, carrying out tillage, weeding, hilling, fertilization and irrigation. A systematic random sampling was carried out, recording parametric data such as length, diameter, fresh and dry weight of the different organs of the plant. These data were analyzed using the statistical programs Excel and Infostad and the relative growth rate ICR was determined. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the productivity of the proposed treatments: treatment 01 (CI= 0.46), treatment 02 (CI= 0.57) and control (CI= 0.38). Concluding that: there is a significant difference between the treatments studied, being treatment 02 the one that presented the highest productivity and ICR.
Organic fertilizers generate a positive impact on agriculture, increasing soil fertility and ensuring the production of healthy and quality food, free of agrochemicals. In this sense, this research was carried out with the objective of comparing the productivity of the cultivation of Zea mays L. variety "Popcorn" using two organic fertilizers, knowing which of the treatments is more effective in the productivity of the cultivation and determining if there are significant differences. between these. The study was carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Biological Sciences of the San Luis Gonzaga National University, located on the Panamericana Sur Km 303 at 406 m.a.s.l. They were used Popcorn variety corn seeds and plants, sheep manure compost, treatment 01, and goat manure compost, treatment 02 were used. The land was del imited and prepared, the block planting method was applied, and the phenological monitoring of the crop was carried out, carrying out tillage, weeding, hilling, fertilization and irrigation. A systematic random sampling was carried out, recording parametric data such as length, diameter, fresh and dry weight of the different organs of the plant. These data were analyzed using the statistical programs Excel and Infostad and the relative growth rate ICR was determined. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the productivity of the proposed treatments: treatment 01 (CI= 0.46), treatment 02 (CI= 0.57) and control (CI= 0.38). Concluding that: there is a significant difference between the treatments studied, being treatment 02 the one that presented the highest productivity and ICR.
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Palabras clave
Zea mays L., Composta de estiércol caprino, Composta de estiércol ovino, Productividad, Abono orgánico, Variety popcorn