Factores asociados al cumplimiento de inmunización en preescolares del centro de salud La Angostura
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Las vacunas son fórmulas inmunológicas efectivas para proteger la salud en los preescolares, sin
embargo, existen diversos factores asociados a su incumplimiento. Objetivo: Determinar los
factores asociados al cumplimiento de la inmunización en preescolares del Centro de Salud La
Angostura. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, relacional y no experimental,
con una muestra de 239 preescolares y madres, empleándose las técnicas de registro documental
y encuesta, como instrumento un cuestionario de factores y ficha de datos validado por expertos
(p=0.015). Resultados: El 72% de preescolares cumplió el calendario de vacunación. Se halló
factores sociodemográficos asociados, los cuales fueron la edad del preescolar, lugar de
procedencia, edad de madre, instrucción educativa, y ocupación (p<0.05). Existen factores
cognitivos asociados (p=0.000), los cuales fueron: Concepto de vacunación, continuidad de
vacunación, vacuna protege de enfermedades, vacunas necesarias al nacer, vacuna antipolio,
frecuencia de vacunación, y reacciones adversas de vacunas (p<0.05). Se halló factores
institucionales asociados (p=0.000), los cuales fueron: Accesibilidad para obtener cita,
disponibilidad de vacunas, horario de atención, trato del personal de salud, tiempo de espera para
vacunación, haber sido informado sobre vacunas, haber sido informado sobre reacciones
adversas, haber obtenido de la enfermera información sobre la próxima cita, y sentir interés de la
enfermera hacia el niño (p<0.05). Conclusiones: Existen factores asociados significativamente al
cumplimiento de la inmunización en preescolares del Centro de Salud La Angostura, los cuales
son de tipo sociodemográficos, cognitivos e institucionales (p<0.05).
Vaccines are effective immunological formulas to protect the health of preschoolers, however, there are several factors associated with their noncompliance. Objective: To determine the factors associated with immunization compliance in preschoolers at the La Angostura Health Center. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, relational and non-experimental study, with a sample of 239 preschoolers and mothers, using documentary recording and survey techniques, as an instrument a questionnaire of factors and a data sheet validated by experts (p = 0.015). Results: 72% of preschoolers complied with the vaccination schedule. Associated sociodemographic factors were found, which were the age of the preschooler, place of origin, age of mother, educational instruction, and occupation (p < 0.05). There are associated cognitive factors (p = 0.000), which were: Concept of vaccination, continuity of vaccination, vaccine protects against diseases, vaccines necessary at birth, polio vaccine, vaccination frequency, and adverse reactions to vaccines (p < 0.05). Institutional factors were found to be associated (p=0.000), which were: Accessibility to obtain an appointment, availability of vaccines, hours of care, treatment by health personnel, waiting time for vaccination, having been informed about vaccines, having been informed about adverse reactions, having obtained information from the nurse about the next appointment, and feeling the nurse's interest in the child (p<0.05). Conclusions: There are factors significantly associated with immunization compliance in preschool children at the La Angostura Health Center, which are sociodemographic, cognitive and institutional (p<0.05).
Vaccines are effective immunological formulas to protect the health of preschoolers, however, there are several factors associated with their noncompliance. Objective: To determine the factors associated with immunization compliance in preschoolers at the La Angostura Health Center. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, relational and non-experimental study, with a sample of 239 preschoolers and mothers, using documentary recording and survey techniques, as an instrument a questionnaire of factors and a data sheet validated by experts (p = 0.015). Results: 72% of preschoolers complied with the vaccination schedule. Associated sociodemographic factors were found, which were the age of the preschooler, place of origin, age of mother, educational instruction, and occupation (p < 0.05). There are associated cognitive factors (p = 0.000), which were: Concept of vaccination, continuity of vaccination, vaccine protects against diseases, vaccines necessary at birth, polio vaccine, vaccination frequency, and adverse reactions to vaccines (p < 0.05). Institutional factors were found to be associated (p=0.000), which were: Accessibility to obtain an appointment, availability of vaccines, hours of care, treatment by health personnel, waiting time for vaccination, having been informed about vaccines, having been informed about adverse reactions, having obtained information from the nurse about the next appointment, and feeling the nurse's interest in the child (p<0.05). Conclusions: There are factors significantly associated with immunization compliance in preschool children at the La Angostura Health Center, which are sociodemographic, cognitive and institutional (p<0.05).
Descripción
Palabras clave
Factores, Calendario de Inmunización, Preescolares, Factors