Perfil epidemiológico quirúrgico y complicaciones de los pacientes operados de hernia inguinal en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025

Abstract

Objetivo: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico quirúrgico y complicaciones de los pacientes operados de hernia inguinal en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025. Metodología. Investigación de tipo no experimental, trasversal, retrospectiva y descriptiva de enfoque cuantitativo, en una población de 156 pacientes operado de hernioplastia inguinal de donde se obtuvo una muestra de estudio de 111 pacientes. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes eran de edades de 31 a 60 años (60,4%) seguido de los que tienen más de 60 años (26,1%) y en menor proporción en los de edades de 20 a 30 años (13,5%). El 73% eran masculinos, El 54,9% tuvo trabajos con esfuerzo físico, con bajo grado de instrucción (primaria o secundaria), el 64,9% no tuvo comorbilidades, el 28,8% consumía tabaco, más de la mitad el lado afectado era el derecho, mayormente en estadío no reductible (43,2%), de tamaño predominantemente de 2 a 6 centímetros, de tipo indirecta, operados por técnica de Lichtenstein el 28,8%, por Bassini el 48,6%, por técnica de Shouldice 8,1% y por Mc Vay 14,4%. Con bajo índice de complicaciones predominando el hematoma, el dolor crónico, la orquitis y la infección del sitio operatorio. Conclusiones. El perfil epidemiológico quirúrgico y complicaciones de los pacientes operados de hernia inguinal en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025 es la de edad económicamente activa, masculino, operado mayormente en estadío no reducible con técnica quirúrgica tipo Bassini. Objective: To identify the epidemiological and surgical profile, as well as the complications, of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair at the Regional Hospital of Ica from 2022 to 2025. Methodology: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive quantitative study was conducted in a population of 156 patients who underwent inguinal hernioplasty, from which a study sample of 111 patients was obtained. Results: The majority of patients were between 31 and 60 years of age (60.4%), followed by those over 60 years (26.1%), and a smaller proportion between 20 and 30 years (13.5%). A total of 73% were male. Regarding occupation, 54.9% performed physically demanding jobs and had a low educational level (primary or secondary). Additionally, 64.9% had no comorbidities, and 28.8% were tobacco users. In more than half of the cases, the affected side was the right. Most hernias were in a non-reducible stage (43.2%), predominantly measuring between 2 and 6 centimeters, and were mainly of the indirect type. Surgical techniques included Lichtenstein repair in 28.8% of cases, Bassini in 48.6%, Shouldice in 8.1%, and McVay in 14.4%. A low rate of complications was observed, with hematoma, chronic pain, orchitis, and surgical site infection being the most frequent. Conclusions: The epidemiological and surgical profile, as well as complications, of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair at the Regional Hospital of Ica from 2022 to 2025 corresponds predominantly to economically active males, mostly operated on in a non-reducible stage using the Bassini surgical technique.