Factores psicosociales y prácticas preventivas del Covid-19 en habitantes de la Cooperativa Huacachina, Ica
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
El Covid-19, constituye una patología infectocontagiosa que puede ser prevenida con adecuadas prácticas, sin embargo, puede verse alterada por factores sociales y psicológicos que determinan su ejecución. Objetivo: Determinar los factores psicosociales relacionados a las prácticas preventivas del Covid-19 en habitantes de la Cooperativa Huacachina, Ica. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental-correlacional, muestra de 116 habitantes, aplicándose la encuesta, como instrumento un cuestionario conteniendo el test de DASS-21, cuestionario de factores sociodemográficos, y test de prácticas preventivas. Resultados: Las prácticas preventivas fueron adecuadas (66.4%), por dimensiones predominó el nivel adecuado en uso de mascarilla (60.3%), lavado de manos (72.4%), limpieza de superficies (68.1%) y monitoreo de salud (69.8%). Los factores psicológicos fueron de nivel leve en estrés (50.0%), y nivel mínimo en depresión (62.1%) y ansiedad (69.0%). En factores sociales predominó la edad 30-39 años (33.6%), sexo femenino (53.4%), educación secundaria 46.6%, convivientes 44.0%, de la costa 81.9% y con trabajo independiente 48.3%. Los factores psicológicos relacionados a las inadecuadas prácticas fueron el estrés (p=0.000), depresión (p=0.000) y ansiedad (p=0.000), predominando en los habitantes con nivel leve y moderado. Los factores sociales relacionados a las inadecuadas prácticas fueron: la edad menor o igual a 29 años (p=0.000), sexo masculino (p=0.007), educación primaria-secundaria (p=0.001), y haber tenido Covid-19 (p=0.000), no siendo significativo el estado civil, lugar de origen y ocupación (p>0.05). Conclusiones: Existen factores psicosociales relacionados a las prácticas preventivas del Covid-19 en habitantes de la Cooperativa Huacachina, Ica.
Covid-19 is an infectious-contagious pathology that can be prevented with adequate practices; however, it can be altered by social and psychological factors that determine its execution. Objective: To determine the psychosocial factors related to preventive practices of Covid-19 in inhabitants of the Huacachina Cooperative, Ica. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental-correlational study, sample of 116 inhabitants, applying the survey, as an instrument a questionnaire containing the DASS-21 test, a questionnaire of sociodemographic factors, and a test of preventive practices. Results: Preventive practices were adequate (66.4%), by dimensions the adequate level in use of mask (60.3%), hand washing (72.4%), cleaning of surfaces (68.1%) and health monitoring (69.8%) predominated. The psychological factors were mild in stress (50.0%), and minimal in depression (62.1%) and anxiety (69.0%). In social factors, the most common age was 30-39 years (33.6%), female sex (53.4%), secondary education 46.6%, cohabitants 44.0%, from the coast 81.9% and self-employed 48.3%. The psychological factors associated with inadequate practices were stress (p = 0.000), depression (p = 0.000) and anxiety (p = 0.000), predominating in inhabitants with mild and moderate levels. The social factors related to inadequate practices were age less than or equal to 29 years (p = 0.000), male sex (p = 0.007), primary-secondary education (p = 0.001), and having suffered from Covid-19 (p = 0.000), with marital status, place of origin and occupation not being significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions: There are psychosocial factors related to preventive practices of Covid-19 in inhabitants of the Huacachina Cooperative, Ica.
Covid-19 is an infectious-contagious pathology that can be prevented with adequate practices; however, it can be altered by social and psychological factors that determine its execution. Objective: To determine the psychosocial factors related to preventive practices of Covid-19 in inhabitants of the Huacachina Cooperative, Ica. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental-correlational study, sample of 116 inhabitants, applying the survey, as an instrument a questionnaire containing the DASS-21 test, a questionnaire of sociodemographic factors, and a test of preventive practices. Results: Preventive practices were adequate (66.4%), by dimensions the adequate level in use of mask (60.3%), hand washing (72.4%), cleaning of surfaces (68.1%) and health monitoring (69.8%) predominated. The psychological factors were mild in stress (50.0%), and minimal in depression (62.1%) and anxiety (69.0%). In social factors, the most common age was 30-39 years (33.6%), female sex (53.4%), secondary education 46.6%, cohabitants 44.0%, from the coast 81.9% and self-employed 48.3%. The psychological factors associated with inadequate practices were stress (p = 0.000), depression (p = 0.000) and anxiety (p = 0.000), predominating in inhabitants with mild and moderate levels. The social factors related to inadequate practices were age less than or equal to 29 years (p = 0.000), male sex (p = 0.007), primary-secondary education (p = 0.001), and having suffered from Covid-19 (p = 0.000), with marital status, place of origin and occupation not being significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions: There are psychosocial factors related to preventive practices of Covid-19 in inhabitants of the Huacachina Cooperative, Ica.
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Palabras clave
Factores psicosociales, Prácticas preventivas, Covid-19, Psychosocial factors
