Determinación de metabolitos secundarios, polifenoles y actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de las cáscaras del fruto de Corryocactus brevistylus “sanky”
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La creciente preocupación por el medio ambiente impulsa la búsqueda de tecnologías sostenibles,
entre ellas, el aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales. En este contexto, el Corryocactus
brevistylus (sanky), una cactácea originaria del Perú, destaca por su creciente uso en productos
procesados, aunque sus cáscaras aún se consideran desechos. La presente investigación tuvo como
objetivo determinar la presencia de compuestos fitoquímicos, la capacidad antioxidante y el
contenido de polifenoles en el extracto etanólico de las cáscaras del fruto de sanky.
Para ello, se obtuvo el extracto mediante maceración en etanol al 96° y se aplicaron tres análisis:
un tamizaje fitoquímico, y la determinación de la actividad antioxidante mediante los métodos
DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo) y CUPRAC (capacidad de reducción de cobre), además de
la cuantificación de polifenoles totales. El tamizaje fitoquímico evidenció la presencia de
compuestos bioactivos como taninos, fenoles libres, flavonoides y triterpenoides. En cuanto a la
actividad antioxidante, se obtuvo una concentración inhibitoria media (IC50) de 5,13 mg,
equivalente a 0,59 mM de trolox en el método DPPH, y un equivalente de 1 mM de trolox con
2,37 mg por el método CUPRAC. Asimismo, el contenido de polifenoles fue de 1,93 mg
equivalentes a 1 mM de ácido gálico.
Se concluye que el extracto etanólico de las cáscaras del fruto de Corryocactus brevistylus
presenta compuestos secundarios de tipo polifenólico y una actividad antioxidante de nivel medio
a moderado, con potencial para su aprovechamiento en industrias alimentarias, cosméticas o
farmacéuticas.
The growing concern for the environment is driving the search for sustainable technologies, including the use of agro-industrial waste. In this context, Corryocactus brevistylus (sanky), a cactus native to Peru, stands out for its increasing use in processed products, although its peels are still considered waste. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant capacity, and polyphenol content in the ethanolic extract of sanky fruit peels. For this purpose, the extract was obtained through maceration in 96° ethanol, and three analyses were performed: a phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) methods, and total polyphenol quantification. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as tannins, free phenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Regarding antioxidant activity, a medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.13 mg, equivalent to 0.59 mM of Trolox, was obtained by the DPPH method, and 2.37 mg was equivalent to 1 mM of Trolox by the CUPRAC method. The total polyphenol content was 1.93 mg, equivalent to 1 mM of gallic acid. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of Corryocactus brevistylus fruit peels contains secondary polyphenolic compounds and exhibits a moderate level of antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential use in food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries.
The growing concern for the environment is driving the search for sustainable technologies, including the use of agro-industrial waste. In this context, Corryocactus brevistylus (sanky), a cactus native to Peru, stands out for its increasing use in processed products, although its peels are still considered waste. The objective of this research was to determine the presence of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant capacity, and polyphenol content in the ethanolic extract of sanky fruit peels. For this purpose, the extract was obtained through maceration in 96° ethanol, and three analyses were performed: a phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) methods, and total polyphenol quantification. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as tannins, free phenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Regarding antioxidant activity, a medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.13 mg, equivalent to 0.59 mM of Trolox, was obtained by the DPPH method, and 2.37 mg was equivalent to 1 mM of Trolox by the CUPRAC method. The total polyphenol content was 1.93 mg, equivalent to 1 mM of gallic acid. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of Corryocactus brevistylus fruit peels contains secondary polyphenolic compounds and exhibits a moderate level of antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential use in food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries.
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Palabras clave
Corryocactus brevistylus, Cáscara, Extracto, Actividad antioxidante, Tamizaje fitoquímico, Peel