Perfil epidemiológico de las gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico atendidos en el puesto de salud pasaje Tinguiña valle 2022 al 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de las gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico
atendidos en el Puesto de Salud Pasaje Tinguiña Valle 2022 al 2024.
Metodología. Investigación de tipo transversal, retrospectiva, descriptiva y no experimental, de
nivel descriptivo y con enfoque cuantitativo, en una muestra de 108 gestantes de alto riesgo, cuyos
datos se obtuvieron mediante revisión de historias clínicas y procesadas en el programa estadístico
SPSS v29 y analizadas porcentualmente, presentando los resultados con 95% de confianza.
Resultados: La prevalencia de los factores sociodemográficos de riesgo de las gestantes con alto
riesgo obstétrico fueron: 16,7% eran de edad menor a 20 años, el 56,5% presentaron edades entre
20 a 34 años, y el 26,9% fueron de edades mayores a 35 años, el 15,7% correspondía al grado de
instrucción primaria, el 48,1% tuvo grado de instrucción secundaria y el 36,1% fueron del grado
de instrucción superior y el 57,4% procedían de zonas urbanas al Puesto de salud, mientras que
el 42,6% procedían de zonas periurbanas. Los factores obstétricos fueron: el 19,4% tuvieron
antecedentes de por lo menos un aborto, el 17,6% fueron primígestas, el 56,5% eran secundigestas
y el 25,9% eran multigestas, el 12% presentaron antecedente de haber tenido un parto prematuro,
el 35,2% de las gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico tuvieron periodo intergenésico corto (< de 18
meses entre una gestación y otra) y el 64,8% el periodo intergenésico era mayor a 18 meses. Las
comorbilidades fueron: el 20,4% de las gestantes presentaron infección urinaria, el 38% tenían
sobrepeso y el 13% fueron obesas, la anemia estuvo presente en el 19,4% de gestante, el 8,3%
tuvieron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el 11,1% de las gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico presentaron
preeclampsia.
Conclusión: El perfil epidemiológico de las gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico son la edad mayor
de 35 años, tener bajo grado de instrucción, proceder de zonas rurales, antecedentes de aborto, ser
multigestas, tener antecedente de parto prematuro, periodo intergenésico corto, tener infección
urinaria, obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y tener preeclampsia.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of high-risk pregnant women attended at the Pasaje Tinguiña Valle Health Post from 2022 to 2024. Methodology: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, and non-experimental study of a descriptive level and with a quantitative approach, conducted on a sample of 108 high-risk pregnant women. Data were obtained through the review of medical records and processed using the SPSS v29 statistical software, with results analyzed in percentages and presented with a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of sociodemographic risk factors among high-risk pregnant women was as follows: 16.7% were under 20 years old, 56.5% were between 20 and 34 years old, and 26.9% were over 35 years old. Regarding educational level, 15.7% had only primary education, 48.1% had secondary education, and 36.1% had higher education. In terms of origin, 57.4% came from urban areas and 42.6% from peri-urban areas. The obstetric factors were as follows: 19.4% had a history of at least one miscarriage, 17.6% were primigravidas, 56.5% were secundigravidas, and 25.9% were multigravidas. Additionally, 12% had a history of premature birth. A short interpregnancy interval (less than 18 months between pregnancies) was observed in 35.2% of cases, while 64.8% had intervals longer than 18 months. Comorbidities included: 20.4% had urinary tract infections, 38% were overweight, and 13% were obese. Anemia was present in 19.4% of the women, 8.3% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 11.1% had preeclampsia. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of high-risk pregnant women includes being over 35 years of age, having a low level of education, coming from rural areas, a history of miscarriage, being multigravida, a history of premature birth, a short interpregnancy interval, urinary tract infection, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of high-risk pregnant women attended at the Pasaje Tinguiña Valle Health Post from 2022 to 2024. Methodology: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, and non-experimental study of a descriptive level and with a quantitative approach, conducted on a sample of 108 high-risk pregnant women. Data were obtained through the review of medical records and processed using the SPSS v29 statistical software, with results analyzed in percentages and presented with a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of sociodemographic risk factors among high-risk pregnant women was as follows: 16.7% were under 20 years old, 56.5% were between 20 and 34 years old, and 26.9% were over 35 years old. Regarding educational level, 15.7% had only primary education, 48.1% had secondary education, and 36.1% had higher education. In terms of origin, 57.4% came from urban areas and 42.6% from peri-urban areas. The obstetric factors were as follows: 19.4% had a history of at least one miscarriage, 17.6% were primigravidas, 56.5% were secundigravidas, and 25.9% were multigravidas. Additionally, 12% had a history of premature birth. A short interpregnancy interval (less than 18 months between pregnancies) was observed in 35.2% of cases, while 64.8% had intervals longer than 18 months. Comorbidities included: 20.4% had urinary tract infections, 38% were overweight, and 13% were obese. Anemia was present in 19.4% of the women, 8.3% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 11.1% had preeclampsia. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of high-risk pregnant women includes being over 35 years of age, having a low level of education, coming from rural areas, a history of miscarriage, being multigravida, a history of premature birth, a short interpregnancy interval, urinary tract infection, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Perfil epidemiológico, Gestante, Alto riesgo obstétrico, Embarazo, Complicaciones, Aborto, Infección, Urinaria, Anemia
