Factores de riesgo asociados a la retinopatía en pacientes diabéticos atendidos en el Programa de Diabetes del HRI 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Determinar los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y comportamentales asociados a la
retinopatía diabética en pacientes atendidos en el Programa de Diabetes del HRI 2024.
Estrategia metodológica: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en una muestra
de 150 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se evaluaron variables
sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, estado civil, zona de residencia, condición laboral), clínicas (años de
diagnóstico, control de la enfermedad, presencia de comorbilidades) y comportamentales (adherencia
al tratamiento, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física, consumo de tabaco y alcohol). La recolección
de datos se realizó mediante revisión de historias clínicas y encuestas estructuradas. Se empleó la
prueba de chi-cuadrado para evaluar la asociación entre las variables y la presencia de retinopatía
diabética, considerando un nivel de significancia de p<0.05.
Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la retinopatía diabética y la adherencia al
tratamiento (p=0.039), los hábitos alimentarios (p=0.038) y la actividad física (p=0.038). Sin
embargo, no se halló relación estadísticamente significativa con la edad (p=0.990), el sexo (p=0.460),
la zona de residencia (p=0.225), la condición laboral (p=0.695), el consumo de tabaco (p=0.726) y
alcohol (p=0.251).
Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo modificables, como la adherencia al tratamiento, la
alimentación y la actividad física, desempeñan un papel clave en la presencia de retinopatía diabética.
Esto resalta la importancia de estrategias preventivas enfocadas en cambios en el estilo de vida para
reducir su incidencia y progresión.
To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients attending the Diabetes Program at HRI 2024. Methodology: An observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 150 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study evaluated sociodemographic variables (age, sex, marital status, place of residence, employment status), clinical variables (years since diagnosis, disease control, presence of comorbidities), and behavioral factors (treatment adherence, dietary habits, physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol consumption). Data collection was carried out through medical record reviews and structured surveys. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between the variables and the presence of diabetic retinopathy, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and treatment adherence (p=0.039), dietary habits (p=0.038), and physical activity (p=0.038). However, no statistically significant relationship was found with age (p=0.990), sex (p=0.460), place of residence (p=0.225), employment status (p=0.695), tobacco (p=0.726), and alcohol consumption (p=0.251). Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, such as treatment adherence, diet, and physical activity, play a crucial role in the presence of diabetic retinopathy. This highlights the importance of preventive strategies focused on lifestyle changes to reduce the incidence and progression of the disease.
To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients attending the Diabetes Program at HRI 2024. Methodology: An observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 150 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study evaluated sociodemographic variables (age, sex, marital status, place of residence, employment status), clinical variables (years since diagnosis, disease control, presence of comorbidities), and behavioral factors (treatment adherence, dietary habits, physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol consumption). Data collection was carried out through medical record reviews and structured surveys. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between the variables and the presence of diabetic retinopathy, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and treatment adherence (p=0.039), dietary habits (p=0.038), and physical activity (p=0.038). However, no statistically significant relationship was found with age (p=0.990), sex (p=0.460), place of residence (p=0.225), employment status (p=0.695), tobacco (p=0.726), and alcohol consumption (p=0.251). Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, such as treatment adherence, diet, and physical activity, play a crucial role in the presence of diabetic retinopathy. This highlights the importance of preventive strategies focused on lifestyle changes to reduce the incidence and progression of the disease.
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Palabras clave
Retinopatía diabética, Factores de riesgo, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Diabetic retinopathy