Factores asociados a infección por virus del papiloma humano en mujeres en edad fértil que acuden a un centro de salud de Ica en 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores asociados a la infección por virus del
papiloma humano (VPH) en mujeres en edad fértil que acudieron al Centro de Salud La Palma, en Ica,
durante el año 2024. Se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo observacional, retrospectiva, de corte
transversal y enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 280 mujeres seleccionadas
mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. La técnica empleada fue la revisión de historias
clínicas, utilizando como instrumento una ficha de recolección de datos validada. Para el análisis
estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS v29, aplicando análisis bivariado y regresión de Poisson con
varianza robusta para calcular razones de prevalencia ajustadas. Los resultados revelaron que la
presencia de infección de transmisión sexual (RP = 2.051; IC95%: 1.579–2.665; p < 0.001), el estado
civil casado (RP = 1.670; IC95%: 1.113–2.504; p = 0.013), el inicio de relaciones sexuales entre los 15
y 19 años (RP = 0.642; IC95%: 0.415–0.994; p = 0.047) y el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales (RP =
0.750; IC95%: 0.569–0.988; p = 0.041) se asociaron de manera significativa con la infección por VPH.
Entre los factores sociodemográficos, el estado civil destacó como variable relevante, mientras que
entre los gineco-obstétricos, la coexistencia de ITS y el número de parejas sexuales mostraron influencia
directa en la infección. Se concluyó que la infección por VPH en mujeres en edad fértil estuvo
determinada por factores sociodemográficos y gineco-obstétricos, resaltando la importancia de
fortalecer las estrategias de prevención, detección temprana y educación en salud sexual, especialmente
en poblaciones de riesgo.
This study aimed to determine the factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women of childbearing age who attended the La Palma Health Center in Ica during 2024. An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The sample consisted of 280 women selected through simple random probability sampling. Data were collected by reviewing medical records using a validated data collection form. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v29, applying bivariate analysis and Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. The results revealed that a history of sexually transmitted infection (adjusted PR = 2.051; 95% CI: 1.579–2.665; p < 0.001), married marital status (adjusted PR = 1.670; 95% CI: 1.113–2.504; p = 0.013), initiation of sexual activity between 15 and 19 years (adjusted PR = 0.642; 95% CI: 0.415–0.994; p = 0.047), and the use of hormonal contraceptive methods (adjusted PR = 0.750; 95% CI: 0.569–0.988; p = 0.041) were significantly associated with HPV infection. Among sociodemographic factors, marital status was highlighted, while among gynecological-obstetric factors, the presence of sexually transmitted infections and the number of sexual partners showed direct influence on HPV infection. It was concluded that HPV infection in women of childbearing age was determined by both sociodemographic and gynecological-obstetric factors, highlighting the importance of strengthening prevention strategies, early detection, and sexual health education, especially among high-risk populations.
This study aimed to determine the factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women of childbearing age who attended the La Palma Health Center in Ica during 2024. An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The sample consisted of 280 women selected through simple random probability sampling. Data were collected by reviewing medical records using a validated data collection form. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v29, applying bivariate analysis and Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. The results revealed that a history of sexually transmitted infection (adjusted PR = 2.051; 95% CI: 1.579–2.665; p < 0.001), married marital status (adjusted PR = 1.670; 95% CI: 1.113–2.504; p = 0.013), initiation of sexual activity between 15 and 19 years (adjusted PR = 0.642; 95% CI: 0.415–0.994; p = 0.047), and the use of hormonal contraceptive methods (adjusted PR = 0.750; 95% CI: 0.569–0.988; p = 0.041) were significantly associated with HPV infection. Among sociodemographic factors, marital status was highlighted, while among gynecological-obstetric factors, the presence of sexually transmitted infections and the number of sexual partners showed direct influence on HPV infection. It was concluded that HPV infection in women of childbearing age was determined by both sociodemographic and gynecological-obstetric factors, highlighting the importance of strengthening prevention strategies, early detection, and sexual health education, especially among high-risk populations.
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Palabras clave
Virus del papiloma humano, Factores de riesgo, Mujeres en edad fértil, Human papillomavirus