Implementación de un plan de minimización y manejo de residuos sólidos para mejorar su segregación en consultorios odontológicos de Ica
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue, mejorar la gestión y el manejo de residuos sólidos
en los consultorios odontológicos de Ica. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada de acuerdo a su
fin. Se desarrolló a través de un diseño pre experimental, con un muestreo no probabilístico, en
esta investigación la población estuvo constituida por 30 cirujanos dentistas de consultorios
odontológicos del distrito de Ica. Se realizó una evaluación inicial de la gestión de residuos
sólidos, teniendo en cuenta las siguientes dimensiones: de acondicionamiento, de segregación y
almacenamiento inicial, de segregación y almacenamiento intermedio, de recolección interna, de
almacenamiento final, dimensión de residuos sólidos y de recolección externa. Se utilizó como
instrumentos de medición el cuestionario y un formato de registro de residuos generados por día,
se observó que en 4 dimensiones más del 80% respondió que NO, en la dimensión de
acondicionamiento, almacenamiento final y residuos sólidos mostraron un 80% de NO frente a
un SI del 20%, para la dimensión de segregación y almacenamiento intermedio, la respuesta fue
un SI del 40% frente a un NO del 60%; lo que indicó desconocimiento, inexperiencia en el rubro
del manejo y organización de residuos peligrosos; después de implementar el plan de
minimización de residuos sólidos donde se consideró, los siguientes ítems: Título, introducción,
objetivos, base legal, descripción de actividades de los centros odontológicos, identificar las
características de peligrosidad de los residuos generados, alternativas de minimización de
residuos, almacenamiento inicial de residuos, almacenamiento central ò final, recolección y
transporte externo de residuos, disposición final de residuos, seguridad y salud en el trabajo,
actividades de mejora, cronograma de capacitación, diagnóstico inicial o basal. Posterior a ello,
se volvió a realizar un análisis, se capacitó al personal y se pudo verificar que para la dimensión
de acondicionamiento, el 92% respondió que SI frente a un NO del 8%, en la dimensión de
residuos sólidos, un SI del 100%, Por lo tanto se concluye que, la implementación de un plan de
minimización de residuos permite generar confianza en las personas involucradas, aumentar sus
conocimientos lo cual, al sumar los esfuerzos permiten una mejor visión de los residuos sólidos
minimizando los peligros y los impactos negativos.
The main objective of this study was to improve the management and handling of solid waste in dental offices in Ica. The research was of an applied type according to its purpose. It was developed through a pre-experimental design, with a non-probabilistic sampling. In this research, the population consisted of 30 dental surgeons from dental offices in the Ica district. An initial evaluation of solid waste management was carried out, taking into account the following dimensions: conditioning, segregation and initial storage, segregation and intermediate storage, internal collection, final storage, solid waste dimension and external collection. The questionnaire and a registration form of waste generated per day were used as measuring instruments. It was observed that in 4 dimensions more than 80% responded NO; in the dimension of conditioning, final storage and solid waste they showed 80% of NO versus a YES of 20%; for the dimension of segregation and intermediate storage, the response was YES of 40% versus a NO of 60%; which indicated ignorance, inexperience in the field of management and organization of hazardous waste; after implementing the plan for minimization of solid waste where the following items were considered: Title, introduction, objectives, legal basis, description of activities of dental centers, identifying the hazardous characteristics of the waste generated, waste minimization alternatives, initial storage of waste, central or final storage, collection and external transportation of waste, final disposal of waste, safety and health at work, improvement activities, training schedule, initial or baseline diagnosis. After that, an analysis was carried out again, the staff was trained and it was verified that for the conditioning dimension, 92% responded YES compared to a NO of 8%, in the solid waste dimension, a YES of 100%. Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of a waste minimization plan allows generating confidence in the people involved, increasing their knowledge which, by adding efforts, allows a better vision of solid waste, minimizing dangers and negative impacts.
The main objective of this study was to improve the management and handling of solid waste in dental offices in Ica. The research was of an applied type according to its purpose. It was developed through a pre-experimental design, with a non-probabilistic sampling. In this research, the population consisted of 30 dental surgeons from dental offices in the Ica district. An initial evaluation of solid waste management was carried out, taking into account the following dimensions: conditioning, segregation and initial storage, segregation and intermediate storage, internal collection, final storage, solid waste dimension and external collection. The questionnaire and a registration form of waste generated per day were used as measuring instruments. It was observed that in 4 dimensions more than 80% responded NO; in the dimension of conditioning, final storage and solid waste they showed 80% of NO versus a YES of 20%; for the dimension of segregation and intermediate storage, the response was YES of 40% versus a NO of 60%; which indicated ignorance, inexperience in the field of management and organization of hazardous waste; after implementing the plan for minimization of solid waste where the following items were considered: Title, introduction, objectives, legal basis, description of activities of dental centers, identifying the hazardous characteristics of the waste generated, waste minimization alternatives, initial storage of waste, central or final storage, collection and external transportation of waste, final disposal of waste, safety and health at work, improvement activities, training schedule, initial or baseline diagnosis. After that, an analysis was carried out again, the staff was trained and it was verified that for the conditioning dimension, 92% responded YES compared to a NO of 8%, in the solid waste dimension, a YES of 100%. Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of a waste minimization plan allows generating confidence in the people involved, increasing their knowledge which, by adding efforts, allows a better vision of solid waste, minimizing dangers and negative impacts.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Residuos sólidos, Minimización, Generación, Solid waste