Evaluación fitoquímica, estudio morfo–histológico y actividad antifúngica in vitro del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON frente a Fusarium sp.
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue: Evaluar la actividad antifúngica in vitro del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON frente a Fusarium sp., identificar sus metabolitos secundarios y estudiar su morfo-histología. El extracto etanólico obtenido por maceración y reflujo, se llevó a un fraccionamiento efectuándose un screening fitoquímico. Se estudió la morfo-histología e identificaron los metabolitos secundarios en tejidos. La actividad antifúngica se realizó mediante la técnica de medio envenenado, realizándose una evaluación cuali-cuantitativa al 3%, recuento de conidias y la CMI de cada fracción.
Como resultados se identificaron los siguientes metabolitos secundarios: flavonoides, taninos, grupos fenólicos libres, aminoácidos, triterpenos y/o esteroides, alcaloides y catequinas. El estudio morfo- histológico describe a la especie, como una planta arbustiva de raíz típica con tallo ramificado, hojas compuestas, dentadas de color verde-grisáceos, flores tubulosas de color rojo-anaranjado y su fruto en forma de vainas con semillas aladas; en el corte histológico de sus hojas se observaron los tejidos protectores, de conducción, sostén y elaboración. En los tejidos se identificaron los metabolitos: Taninos, alcaloides, oxalatos, saponinas, celulosa y mucílagos. En relación a la actividad antifúngica, la fracción C tuvo una inhibición total de 100%, las fracciones A, B y D, una inhibición alta con 84%, 76% y 74% respectivamente y la E una baja inhibición con 21%, encontrando diferencias significativas entre las fracciones y el control negativo (P>0.05). Se concluye que Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON, representan una alternativa para el control del hongo fitopatógeno Fusarium sp. determinándose su efectividad in vitro.
The objective of this study was: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON against Fusarium sp., identify its secondary metabolites and study its morpho-histology. The ethanolic extract obtained by maceration and reflux was carried out for fractionation and a phytochemical screening was carried out. Morpho-histology was studied and secondary metabolites were identified in tissues. The antifungal activity was carried out using the poisoned medium technique, performing a qualitative-quantitative evaluation at 3%, conidia count and the MIC of each fraction. As results, the following secondary metabolites were identified: flavonoids, tannins, free phenolic groups, amino acids, triterpenes and/or steroids, alkaloids and catechins. The morpho-histological study describes the species as a bushy plant with a typical root with a branched stem, compound, toothed, greyish-green leaves, red-orange tuberous flowers and its fruit in the form of pods with winged seeds; In the histological section of its leaves, the protective, conduction, support and elaboration tissues were observed. The metabolites were identified in the tissues: Tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, saponins, cellulose and mucilage. In relation to antifungal activity, fraction C had a total inhibition of 100%, fractions A, B and D, a high inhibition with 84%, 76% and 74% respectively and fraction E a low inhibition with 21%, finding significant differences between the fractions and the negative control (P>0.05). It is concluded that Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON, represent an alternative for the control of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. determining its effectiveness in vitro.
The objective of this study was: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON against Fusarium sp., identify its secondary metabolites and study its morpho-histology. The ethanolic extract obtained by maceration and reflux was carried out for fractionation and a phytochemical screening was carried out. Morpho-histology was studied and secondary metabolites were identified in tissues. The antifungal activity was carried out using the poisoned medium technique, performing a qualitative-quantitative evaluation at 3%, conidia count and the MIC of each fraction. As results, the following secondary metabolites were identified: flavonoids, tannins, free phenolic groups, amino acids, triterpenes and/or steroids, alkaloids and catechins. The morpho-histological study describes the species as a bushy plant with a typical root with a branched stem, compound, toothed, greyish-green leaves, red-orange tuberous flowers and its fruit in the form of pods with winged seeds; In the histological section of its leaves, the protective, conduction, support and elaboration tissues were observed. The metabolites were identified in the tissues: Tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, saponins, cellulose and mucilage. In relation to antifungal activity, fraction C had a total inhibition of 100%, fractions A, B and D, a high inhibition with 84%, 76% and 74% respectively and fraction E a low inhibition with 21%, finding significant differences between the fractions and the negative control (P>0.05). It is concluded that Tecoma fulva (CAV) G.DON, represent an alternative for the control of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. determining its effectiveness in vitro.
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Antifúngica, Fusarium sp, Tecoma fulva, Extracto etanólico, Morfo-histológico, Antifungal