Efectividad de la consejería en: reacciones post vacunales y cumplimiento del calendario de inmunizaciones en niños del Puesto de Salud El Arenal
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Las vacunas son fórmulas inmunológicas esenciales para prevenir enfermedades infecciosas en
los primeros años de vida y la consejería de enfermería es crucial para asegurar su administración.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la efectividad de la consejería en reacciones post vacunales
y el cumplimiento del Calendario de Inmunizaciones en niños del Puesto de Salud El Arenal.
Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional con 106 cuidadoras. Se
utilizaron dos técnicas: la encuesta, con un cuestionario validado y confiable (p = 0.03125, Kuder
Richardson 0.751) para evaluar la efectividad de la consejería, y el registro documental mediante
una ficha de cotejo para medir el cumplimiento del calendario de inmunizaciones. Resultados:
La efectividad de la consejería fue media (50.9%); destacando el bajo nivel en generalidades de
vacunas (42.5%) y reacciones adversas (46.2%); mientras el nivel medio predominó en cuidados
post vacunales (54.7%). El (67.9%) de niños cumplió con el calendario de inmunización. Se halló
relación significativa entre las variables (p=0.000), observándose que el incumplimiento del
calendario de inmunización fue más frecuente en niños con cuidadoras que tuvieron bajo nivel de
efectividad en consejería (19.8%). Se halló relación entre cumplimiento del calendario de
inmunizaciones y las dimensiones de la consejería en generalidades de vacunas (p=0.000),
reacciones adversas (p=0.001), y cuidados post vacunales (p=0.000). Conclusiones: Existe
relación significativa entre la efectividad de la consejería de enfermería sobre reacciones post
vacunales y el cumplimiento del calendario de inmunizaciones en los niños menores de un año
del Puesto de Salud El Arenal.
Vaccines are essential immunological formulas for preventing infectious diseases in the early years of life, and nursing counseling is crucial to ensure their administration. Objective: To determine the relationship between the effectiveness of counseling on post-vaccination reactions and compliance with the Immunization Schedule in children at the El Arenal Health Post. Material and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study with 106 caregivers. Two techniques were used: a survey with a validated and reliable questionnaire (p = 0.03125, Kuder-Richardson 0.751) to assess counseling effectiveness, and a documentary record through a checklist to measure compliance with the immunization schedule. Results: Counseling effectiveness was moderate (50.9%), with low levels in vaccine generalities (42.5%) and adverse reactions (46.2%), while a medium level predominated in post-vaccination care (54.7%). 67.9% of children adhered to the immunization schedule. A significant relationship was found between the variables (p=0.000), with non-compliance with the immunization schedule being more frequent among children whose caregivers had low counseling effectiveness (19.8%). A relationship was found between compliance with the immunization schedule and the counseling dimensions of vaccine generalities (p=0.000), adverse reactions (p=0.001), and post-vaccination care (p=0.000). Conclusions: A significant relationship exists between the effectiveness of nursing counseling on post-vaccination reactions and compliance with the immunization schedule in children under one year of age at the El Arenal Health Post.
Vaccines are essential immunological formulas for preventing infectious diseases in the early years of life, and nursing counseling is crucial to ensure their administration. Objective: To determine the relationship between the effectiveness of counseling on post-vaccination reactions and compliance with the Immunization Schedule in children at the El Arenal Health Post. Material and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study with 106 caregivers. Two techniques were used: a survey with a validated and reliable questionnaire (p = 0.03125, Kuder-Richardson 0.751) to assess counseling effectiveness, and a documentary record through a checklist to measure compliance with the immunization schedule. Results: Counseling effectiveness was moderate (50.9%), with low levels in vaccine generalities (42.5%) and adverse reactions (46.2%), while a medium level predominated in post-vaccination care (54.7%). 67.9% of children adhered to the immunization schedule. A significant relationship was found between the variables (p=0.000), with non-compliance with the immunization schedule being more frequent among children whose caregivers had low counseling effectiveness (19.8%). A relationship was found between compliance with the immunization schedule and the counseling dimensions of vaccine generalities (p=0.000), adverse reactions (p=0.001), and post-vaccination care (p=0.000). Conclusions: A significant relationship exists between the effectiveness of nursing counseling on post-vaccination reactions and compliance with the immunization schedule in children under one year of age at the El Arenal Health Post.
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Palabras clave
Consejería, Reacciones adversas, Calendario de inmunización, Compliance