Influencia de la concentración de sulfato de aluminio en la calidad del agua potable obtenida a partir del agua superficial con alta carga de arcilla
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La tesis cuyo título es “Influencia de la concentración de sulfato de aluminio en la calidad del
agua potable obtenida a partir del agua superficial con alta carga de arcilla”, es un estudio
teórico experimental de tipo aplicado, de nivel explicativo y de diseño experimental, en el cual se
aborda el estudio de la floculación de las aguas superficiales que arrastran gran cantidad de arcilla,
con sulfato de aluminio. Para demostrar la hipótesis planteada se desarrollaron pruebas
experimentales en base a dos parámetros fundamentales del proceso: el pH y la concentración del
reactivo, los resultados reportan que el sulfato de aluminio como coagulante posee un amplio rango
de pH dentro de los cuales puede trabajar, mostrando su mayor eficiencia en un pH que está en el
límite de 5,5 y 7,8, dentro de los cuales ejerce mejor su actividad coagulante a la vez que se precipita
como hidróxido casi en su totalidad quedando en el agua tratada un mínimo de la sal. Mediante la
dosificación de CaO se ha elevado el pH del agua a 8,3 con lo que se ha logrado que tratando el agua
con alta carga de arcilla con 180 mg/L de Al2(SO4)3 quede en el agua tratada solo 0,4 mg/L de Al.
De esta manera en esta tesis se ha analizado la calidad del agua en función a la cantidad de aluminio
que hay en ella ya que este metal pesado influye en la salud de los consumidores especialmente
afectando el sistema nervioso, considerándose uno de los responsables del Alzheimer.
The thesis whose title is "Influence of the concentration of aluminum sulfate on the quality of drinking water obtained from surface water with a high clay load", is an experimental theoretical study of an applied type, with an explanatory level and an experimental design, in which the study of the flocculation of surface waters that carry a large amount of clay is addressed, with aluminum sulfate. To demonstrate the proposed hypothesis, experimental tests were developed based on two fundamental parameters of the process: the pH and the concentration of the reagent. The results report that aluminum sulfate as a coagulant has a wide range of pH within which it can work, showing its greatest efficiency at a pH that is on the limit of 5.5 and 7.8, within which it best exerts its coagulant activity while it precipitates as hydroxide almost entirely, leaving a minimum of the treated water. salt. By dosing CaO, the pH of the water has been raised to 8.3, which has achieved that by treating the water with a high clay load with 180 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3, only 0. 4 mg/L of Al. In this way, in this thesis, the quality of the water has been analyzed based on the amount of aluminum in it since this heavy metal influences the health of consumers, especially affecting the nervous system, considering one of those responsible for Alzheimer's.
The thesis whose title is "Influence of the concentration of aluminum sulfate on the quality of drinking water obtained from surface water with a high clay load", is an experimental theoretical study of an applied type, with an explanatory level and an experimental design, in which the study of the flocculation of surface waters that carry a large amount of clay is addressed, with aluminum sulfate. To demonstrate the proposed hypothesis, experimental tests were developed based on two fundamental parameters of the process: the pH and the concentration of the reagent. The results report that aluminum sulfate as a coagulant has a wide range of pH within which it can work, showing its greatest efficiency at a pH that is on the limit of 5.5 and 7.8, within which it best exerts its coagulant activity while it precipitates as hydroxide almost entirely, leaving a minimum of the treated water. salt. By dosing CaO, the pH of the water has been raised to 8.3, which has achieved that by treating the water with a high clay load with 180 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3, only 0. 4 mg/L of Al. In this way, in this thesis, the quality of the water has been analyzed based on the amount of aluminum in it since this heavy metal influences the health of consumers, especially affecting the nervous system, considering one of those responsible for Alzheimer's.
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Palabras clave
Sulfato de aluminio, Coagulación, Floculación, Coloides, Aluminum sulfate