Factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones postoperatorias de hernioplastia en pacientes del hospital Santa María del socorro – Ica, 2020 al 2024
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones
postoperatorias de hernioplastía en pacientes del Hospital Santa María del
Socorro – Ica del 2020 al 2024.
Metodología: El estudio fue cuantitativo, observacional, analítico de casos y
controles, con un diseño transversal y retrospectivo. Se analizaron pacientes
sometidos a hernioplastía en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro entre 2020 y
2024. Se empleó un muestreo aleatorio simple con 58 casos y 58 controles. Los
datos fueron recopilados mediante una ficha estructurada y analizados con
SPSS v26.0. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi² de Pearson y se calculó el Odds Ratio
con un intervalo de confianza del 95% para evaluar la asociación entre factores
de riesgo y complicaciones postoperatorias.
Resultados: Se identificó que las complicaciones postoperatorias más
frecuentes fueron seroma (74,1%), hematoma (22,4%) e infección del sitio
operatorio (17,2%). En el análisis multivariado, el sexo femenino (OR: 2,7;
IC95%: 1,2–5,9) y el tabaquismo (OR: 9,1; IC95%: 1,1–75,4) se asociaron
significativamente como factores epidemiológicos de riesgo. A nivel clínico, la
diabetes mellitus (OR: 5,5; IC95%: 1,7–17,8) y la obesidad (OR: 2,7; IC95%: 1,0
7,3) también mostraron asociación significativa. En cuanto a los factores
quirúrgicos, se halló mayor riesgo en pacientes con hernia umbilical (OR: 2,3;
IC95%: 1,1–4,9), ingreso urgente (OR: 3,9; IC95%: 1,4–10,7) y tiempo operatorio
de 61 a 120 minutos (OR: 2,3; IC95%: 1,1–5,1).
Conclusiones: Se concluye que las complicaciones postoperatorias de
hernioplastía se asociaron significativamente con factores epidemiológicos,
clínicos y quirúrgicos, permitiendo delimitar perfiles de riesgo relevantes para la
práctica quirúrgica.
Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with postoperative hernioplasty complications in patients at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital in Ica from 2020 to 2024. Methodology: This was a quantitative, observational, case-control analytical study with a cross-sectional and retrospective design. Patients who underwent hernioplasty at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed. Simple random sampling was used with 58 cases and 58 controls. Data were collected using a structured form and analyzed using SPSS v26.0. Pearson's Chi-square test was applied, and the odds ratio was calculated with a 95% confidence interval to assess the association between risk factors and postoperative complications. Results: The most frequent postoperative complications were seroma (74.1%), hematoma (22.4%), and surgical site infection (17.2%). In the multivariate analysis, female sex (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–5.9) and smoking (OR: 9.1; 95% CI: 1.1–75.4) were significantly associated as epidemiological risk factors. At the clinical level, diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.5; 95% CI: 1.7–17.8) and obesity (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.0–7.3) also showed a significant association. Regarding surgical factors, a higher risk was found in patients with an umbilical hernia (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1–4.9), emergency admission (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4–10.7), and an operative time of 61 to 120 minutes (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1–5.1). Conclusions: Postoperative complications of hernioplasty were significantly associated with epidemiological, clinical, and surgical factors, allowing for the definition of risk profiles relevant to surgical practice.
Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with postoperative hernioplasty complications in patients at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital in Ica from 2020 to 2024. Methodology: This was a quantitative, observational, case-control analytical study with a cross-sectional and retrospective design. Patients who underwent hernioplasty at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed. Simple random sampling was used with 58 cases and 58 controls. Data were collected using a structured form and analyzed using SPSS v26.0. Pearson's Chi-square test was applied, and the odds ratio was calculated with a 95% confidence interval to assess the association between risk factors and postoperative complications. Results: The most frequent postoperative complications were seroma (74.1%), hematoma (22.4%), and surgical site infection (17.2%). In the multivariate analysis, female sex (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–5.9) and smoking (OR: 9.1; 95% CI: 1.1–75.4) were significantly associated as epidemiological risk factors. At the clinical level, diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.5; 95% CI: 1.7–17.8) and obesity (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.0–7.3) also showed a significant association. Regarding surgical factors, a higher risk was found in patients with an umbilical hernia (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1–4.9), emergency admission (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4–10.7), and an operative time of 61 to 120 minutes (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1–5.1). Conclusions: Postoperative complications of hernioplasty were significantly associated with epidemiological, clinical, and surgical factors, allowing for the definition of risk profiles relevant to surgical practice.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hernia inguinal, Hernioplastía, Complicaciones posoperatorias, Factores de riesgo (DeCS), Inguinal hernia