Complicaciones maternas y perinatales asociadas a la ruptura prematura de membranas en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025

Abstract

Objetivo. Identificar las complicaciones maternas y perinatales asociadas a la ruptura prematura de membranas en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, trasversal, retrospectiva y analítica de diseño cohorte retrospectiva en una muestra de 86 casos (Gestantes con RPMP) comparados con 86 gestantes sin RPM, los datos se procesaron en el programa estadístico SPSS v29 y el análisis se realiza con la estimación de la OR con 95% de confianza. Resultados: Las complicaciones asociadas a la Rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino son: Corioamnionitis p= 0,015 RP=1,7 (IC95%: 1,22-2,29), endometritis p= 0,021 RP=1,6 (IC95%: 1,18-2,21), partos prematuros p= 0,000 RP=2,0 (IC95%: 1,5-2,73), oligohidramnios p= 0,043 RP=1,6 (IC95%: 1,15-2,26), Apgar < 7 p= 0,019 RP=1,5 (IC95%: 1,1-2,0), distrés respiratorio p= 0,003 RP=1,64 (IC95%: 1,47-7,35), sepsis neonatal p= 0,021 RP=1,62 (IC95%: 1,19-2,22), Enfermedad de membrana hialina p= 0,021 RP=1,62 (IC95%: 1,19-2,22), Mortalidad neonatal p= 0,03 RP=1,82 (IC95%: 1,33-2,46). Conclusión: Las complicaciones asociadas a la Rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino son: Corioamnionitis, endometritis, partos prematuros, oligohidramnios, Apgar < 7, distrés respiratorio, sepsis neonatal, Enfermedad de membrana hialina, Mortalidad neonatal. Objective: To identify maternal and perinatal complications associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in patients treated at the Regional Hospital of Ica between 2022 and 2025. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study with a retrospective cohort design was conducted on a sample of 86 cases (pregnant women with PPROM) compared with 86 pregnant women without PROM. Data were processed using SPSS version 29, and analysis was performed by estimating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The complications associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes were: chorioamnionitis (p = 0.015; OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.22–2.29), endometritis (p = 0.021; OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.18–2.21), preterm birth (p = 0.000; OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5–2.73), oligohydramnios (p = 0.043; OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.15–2.26), Apgar score < 7 (p = 0.019; OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.0), respiratory distress (p = 0.003; OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.47– 7.35), neonatal sepsis (p = 0.021; OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19–2.22), hyaline membrane disease (p = 0.021; OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19–2.22), and neonatal mortality (p = 0.03; OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.33–2.46). Conclusion: The complications associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes are chorioamnionitis, endometritis, preterm birth, oligohydramnios, Apgar score < 7, respiratory distress, neonatal sepsis, hyaline membrane disease, and neonatal mortality.