Bacterias y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en urocultivos de pacientes con diabetes mellitus en un policlínico de la ciudad de Ica - 2021
Fecha
2023
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La diabetes es una afección crónica, con muchas complicaciones y por estudios se conoce que las
infecciones urinarias en una persona que presenta diabetes son mayores a los que no la presentan, por
ello el objetivo fue determinar cuáles fueron las bacterias que causaron infecciones urinarias en
pacientes con diabetes mellitus y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en un policlínico de la ciudad de
Ica. El estudio fue de tipo prospectivo, nivel descriptivo de corte transversal y diseño exploratorio no
experimental. La población estuvo integrada por 80 pacientes con diabetes mellitus que acudieron al
Policlínico Gómez Leiva - Ica en el período de abril - setiembre del 2021, quienes cumplieron con
los criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de datos se empleó el análisis documentario donde se
evaluaron las fichas proporcionadas por el policlínico. Se determinó en urocultivos positivos de
pacientes con diabetes mellitus que el 87.5% correspondían a bacterias Gram negativas y 12,5 % a
Gram positivas, identificándose seis bacterias las cuales fueron, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus
saprophyticus. Las bacterias más frecuentes presentes en los urocultivos fueron E. coli con el 48.8%,
P. mirabilis con el 25% y K. pneumoniae con el 13.8 %. Las cepas de E. coli fueron las que
presentaron mayor resistencia a los antibióticos: ampicilina. amoxicilina, ampicilina,
ampicilina/sulbactam, cefalexina, cefepime, ciprofloxacina, dicloxacilina y trimetropin
sulfametoxazol. Se concluye que en pacientes con diabetes mellitus las infecciones urinarias son
causadas por bacterias Gram negativas en su mayoría y bacterias Gram positivas presentando
resistencia a antimicrobianos.
Diabetes is a chronic condition, with many complications, and from studies it is known that urinary tract infections in a person with diabetes are higher than those who do not, so the objective was to determine which bacteria were caused urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus and antimicrobial susceptibility in a polyclinic in the city of Ica. The study was prospective, crosssectional descriptive level and non-experimental exploratory design. The population consisted of 80 patients with diabetes mellitus who attended the Gómez Leiva - Ica Polyclinic in the period from April - September 2021, who met the inclusion criteria. Documentary analysis was used for data collection where the files provided by the polyclinic were evaluated. It was determined in positive urine cultures of patients with diabetes mellitus that 87.5% corresponded to Gram negative bacteria and 12.5% to Gram positive, identifying six bacteria which were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The most frequent bacteria present in the urine cultures were E. coli with 48.8%, P. mirabilis with 25% and K. pneumoniae with 13.8%. The strains of E. coli were the ones that presented the greatest resistance to antibiotics: ampicillin. amoxicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cephalexin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, dicloxacillin, and trimetropin sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that in patients with diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections are caused by mostly Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria presenting resistance to antimicrobials.
Diabetes is a chronic condition, with many complications, and from studies it is known that urinary tract infections in a person with diabetes are higher than those who do not, so the objective was to determine which bacteria were caused urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus and antimicrobial susceptibility in a polyclinic in the city of Ica. The study was prospective, crosssectional descriptive level and non-experimental exploratory design. The population consisted of 80 patients with diabetes mellitus who attended the Gómez Leiva - Ica Polyclinic in the period from April - September 2021, who met the inclusion criteria. Documentary analysis was used for data collection where the files provided by the polyclinic were evaluated. It was determined in positive urine cultures of patients with diabetes mellitus that 87.5% corresponded to Gram negative bacteria and 12.5% to Gram positive, identifying six bacteria which were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The most frequent bacteria present in the urine cultures were E. coli with 48.8%, P. mirabilis with 25% and K. pneumoniae with 13.8%. The strains of E. coli were the ones that presented the greatest resistance to antibiotics: ampicillin. amoxicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cephalexin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, dicloxacillin, and trimetropin sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that in patients with diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections are caused by mostly Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria presenting resistance to antimicrobials.
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Palabras clave
Bacterias, Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, Ddiabetes mellitus, Antibiótico, Antimicrobial susceptibility