Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con artrosis de cadera tratados en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025

Abstract

Objetivo: Precisar el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con artrosis de cadera tratados en el Hospital Regional de Ica 2022 al 2025. Metodología. Estudio observacional, trasversal, retrospectiva y descriptiva de enfoque cuantitativo, basadas en datos registradas en la historia clínica y procesada en el programa estadístico SPSS v29. Resultados. Se estudio 163 pacientes de un total de 282 pacientes con osteoartrosis de cadera. La media de la edad fue de 62,55 años y la mediana de 61 años, la moda fue 66 años, el 52,1% (85 pacientes) tiene más de 60 años, mientras que el 47,9% (78 pacientes) se encuentra entre 50 y 60 años. Del total de participantes, 90 pacientes (55,2%) corresponden al sexo femenino, prevaleciendo en este sexo respecto al masculino. 81 pacientes (49,7%) proceden de otro distrito, constituyendo el grupo más numeroso. En segundo lugar, 71 pacientes (43,6%) provienen de Ica distrito, mientras que 11 pacientes (6,7%) corresponden a otra provincia. El (43,6%) contó con educación secundaria, constituyendo el grupo más numeroso. En segundo lugar, 49 pacientes (30,1%) presentan educación superior, mientras que 43 pacientes (26,4%) alcanzaron únicamente el nivel primario. El (60,7%) desempeñaban trabajos de alto esfuerzo físico, mientras que 64 pacientes (39,3%) realizaban actividades de bajo esfuerzo físico. Esto indica que aproximadamente seis de cada diez pacientes desarrollaban labores que implican carga de peso, posturas forzadas. El (53,4%) presentan IMC ≥ 25 kg/m², lo que indica que el sobrepeso u obesidad es prevalente, mientras que 76 pacientes (46,6%) tienen IMC < 25 kg/m², considerado dentro de parámetros normales. El (30,1%) tienen diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, es decir tres de cada diez pacientes con artrosis de cadera son hipertensos. El (12,3%) presentan diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus, o sea que aproximadamente uno de cada ocho pacientes con artrosis de cadera es diabético. El (15,3%) consumen tabaco, lo que, aproximadamente uno de cada seis pacientes con artrosis de cadera es fumador. Conclusiones. El perfil que caracteriza al paciente con osteoartrosis de cadera es la de un sujeto de edad avanzada que desarrollo labores que denotan esfuerzo físico exagerado con sobrecarga corporal al tener exceso de peso entre los más relevantes. Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients with hip osteoarthritis treated at the Regional Hospital of Ica from 2022 to 2025. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on data recorded in medical records and processed using the SPSS v29 statistical software. Results: A total of 163 patients were studied out of 282 patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis. The mean age was 62.55 years, the median was 61 years, and the mode was 66 years. Overall, 52.1% (85 patients) were older than 60 years, while 47.9% (78 patients) were between 50 and 60 years of age. Of the total participants, 90 patients (55.2%) were female, showing a higher prevalence compared to males. Eighty-one patients (49.7%) were from other districts, constituting the largest group. Seventy-one patients (43.6%) were from Ica district, and 11 patients (6.7%) were from another province. Regarding educational level, 43.6% had completed secondary education, representing the largest group. Forty-nine patients (30.1%) had higher education, while 43 patients (26.4%) had only completed primary education. Concerning occupational characteristics, 60.7% performed high physical effort jobs, whereas 64 patients (39.3%) engaged in low physical effort activities. This indicates that approximately six out of ten patients performed work involving weight-bearing tasks and forced postures. A total of 53.4% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², indicating that overweight or obesity was prevalent, while 76 patients (46.6%) had a BMI < 25 kg/m², considered within normal parameters. Additionally, 30.1% had a diagnosis of arterial hypertension, meaning that three out of ten patients with hip osteoarthritis were hypertensive. Meanwhile, 12.3% had diabetes mellitus, indicating that approximately one out of eight patients with hip osteoarthritis was diabetic. Furthermore, 15.3% reported tobacco use, meaning that approximately one out of six patients with hip osteoarthritis was a smoker. Conclusions: The profile that characterizes patients with hip osteoarthritis is that of an older adult who has performed occupations involving excessive physical effort, with body overload due to excess weight being among the most relevant factors.