Gestantes que presentaron COVID-19 y sus complicaciones obstétricas en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica 2021

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre las gestantes que presentaron COVID-19 y complicaciones obstétricas en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica, 2021. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, de nivel relacional y diseño no experimental. La muestra incluyó a 72 gestantes con antecedente de COVID-19. Se utilizó la técnica documental con ficha de recolección de datos. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS v.25, aplicando la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: El 35.1% presentó complicaciones durante el embarazo, el 10.7% durante el parto y el 5.9% en el puerperio. Se halló relación significativa entre COVID-19 y complicaciones obstétricas (p=0.000; X²=79.4), especialmente durante el embarazo (p=0.000; X²=205). No se encontró relación significativa durante el parto (p=0.712) ni en el puerperio (p=0.804). Las complicaciones en el embarazo fueron principalmente “otras complicaciones” (88.9%), preeclampsia (8.3%) y amenaza de parto pretérmino (2.8%). En el parto, el 8.3% tuvo cesárea, 5.6% presentó sufrimiento fetal agudo y 4.2% retención de restos placentarios. Durante el puerperio, el 8.3% presentó atonía uterina y hemorragia posparto. Conclusión: Existe relación significativa entre haber presentado COVID-19 y las complicaciones obstétricas, especialmente durante el embarazo, no así durante el parto ni el puerperio, en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro, Ica, en 2021

Objective: To determine the relationship between pregnant women with COVID-19 and obstetric complications in patients treated at Santa María del Socorro Hospital, Ica, 2021. Methodology: This was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study with a relational approach and a non-experimental design. The sample included 72 pregnant women with a history of COVID-19. A documentary technique was used with a data collection form. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 25, applying the chi-square test. Results: 35.1% presented complications during pregnancy, 10.7% during delivery, and 5.9% in the postpartum period. A significant relationship was found between COVID-19 and obstetric complications (p=0.000; X²=79.4), especially during pregnancy (p=0.000; X²=205). No significant relationship was found during delivery (p=0.712) or in the postpartum period (p=0.804). Pregnancy complications were mainly "other complications" (88.9%), preeclampsia (8.3%), and threatened preterm labor (2.8%). At delivery, 8.3% had a cesarean section, 5.6% experienced acute fetal distress, and 4.2% had retained placental remains. During the postpartum period, 8.3% experienced uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between having had COVID-19 and obstetric complications, especially during pregnancy, but not during delivery or the postpartum period, in pregnant women treated at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital, Ica, in 2021