Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica in vitro de la fracción alcaloidal y no alcaloidal del extracto etanólico de las semillas de la especie Argemone mexicana
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
A través de los años la especie Argemone mexicana “Cardo santo” ha sido utilizada de manera popular
por los pobladores del distrito de Colca, provincia de Víctor Fajardo, región de Ayacucho para
combatir diferentes enfermedades, siendo una de estas, las infecciones fúngicas en el ser humano,
esto sin algún estudio científico previo realizado a la planta, pudiendo a su vez, ser un riesgo para la
salud. Nuestra investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antifúngica de la fracción
alcaloidal y no alcaloidal del extracto etanólico de semillas de la especie Argemone mexicana,
haciendo uso de cepas clínicas como material biológico. La identificación de metabolitos secundarios
fue realizada mediante el método del tamizaje fitoquímico. Se utilizó una metodología específica para
la obtención de la fracción alcaloidal y no alcaloidal. Sobre estas fracciones se evaluó la actividad
antifúngica por el método de la dilución en agar, usando Fluconazol (200mg/100 ml), como control
positivo. Como resultado del tamizaje fitoquímico se identificaron aminoácidos, flavonoides,
triterpenoides y/o esteroides, alcaloides, leucoantocianidinas y/o catequinas. La evaluación del efecto
antifúngico de la fracción alcaloidal contra Candida albicans obtuvo un menor número de unidades
formadoras de colonias (<1ufc/mL) a concentraciones del 50% y 75%, a diferencia de la fracción no
alcaloidal, que presentó actividad únicamente a la concentración del 75%. Por otro lado, la fracción
alcaloidal resultó ser efectiva contra Cryptococcus spp a concentraciones del 50% y 75%, marcando
diferencia contra la fracción no alcaloidal, la cual presentó actividad solo al 75% de concentración.
Como conclusión, la fracción alcaloidal del extracto etanólico de semillas de la especie Argemone
mexicana presenta mayor actividad antifúngica a las concentraciones del 50% y 75% frente a la
fracción no alcaloidal. Debiéndose posiblemente a la presencia de alcaloides en esta fracción.
Over the years, the species Argemone mexicana “Cardo santo” has been popularly used by the inhabitants of the district of Colca, province of Victor Fajardo, region of Ayacucho to combat different diseases, one of these being fungal infections in humans, without any previous scientific study of the plant, which in turn, could be a health risk. The objective of our research was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the alkaloidal and non-alkaloidal fractions of the ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana seeds, using clinical strains as biological material. The identification of secondary metabolites was carried out by the phytochemical screening method. A specific methodology was used to obtain the alkaloidal and non-alkaloidal fractions. The antifungal activity of these fractions was evaluated by the agar dilution method, using Fluconazole (200mg/100 ml) as a positive control. As a result of the phytochemical screening, amino acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids and/or steroids, alkaloids, leucoanthocyanidins and/or catechins were identified. The evaluation of the antifungal effect of the alkaloidal fraction against Candida albicans obtained a lower number of colony forming units (<1ufc/mL) at concentrations of 50% and 75%, in contrast to the non-alkaloidal fraction, which presented activity only at the 75% concentration. On the other hand, the alkaloidal fraction proved to be effective against Cryptococcus spp at concentrations of 50% and 75%, marking a difference against the non-alkaloidal fraction, which presented activity only at 75% concentration. In conclusion, the alkaloidal fraction of the ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana seeds showed greater antifungal activity at concentrations of 50% and 75% compared to the non-alkaloidal fraction. This is possibly due to the presence of alkaloids in this fraction.
Over the years, the species Argemone mexicana “Cardo santo” has been popularly used by the inhabitants of the district of Colca, province of Victor Fajardo, region of Ayacucho to combat different diseases, one of these being fungal infections in humans, without any previous scientific study of the plant, which in turn, could be a health risk. The objective of our research was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the alkaloidal and non-alkaloidal fractions of the ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana seeds, using clinical strains as biological material. The identification of secondary metabolites was carried out by the phytochemical screening method. A specific methodology was used to obtain the alkaloidal and non-alkaloidal fractions. The antifungal activity of these fractions was evaluated by the agar dilution method, using Fluconazole (200mg/100 ml) as a positive control. As a result of the phytochemical screening, amino acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids and/or steroids, alkaloids, leucoanthocyanidins and/or catechins were identified. The evaluation of the antifungal effect of the alkaloidal fraction against Candida albicans obtained a lower number of colony forming units (<1ufc/mL) at concentrations of 50% and 75%, in contrast to the non-alkaloidal fraction, which presented activity only at the 75% concentration. On the other hand, the alkaloidal fraction proved to be effective against Cryptococcus spp at concentrations of 50% and 75%, marking a difference against the non-alkaloidal fraction, which presented activity only at 75% concentration. In conclusion, the alkaloidal fraction of the ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana seeds showed greater antifungal activity at concentrations of 50% and 75% compared to the non-alkaloidal fraction. This is possibly due to the presence of alkaloids in this fraction.
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Palabras clave
Antifúngico, Fracción alcaloidal, Fluconazol, Argemone mexicana, Antifungal