Anemia y adherencia con micronutrientes en niños de 1 a 5 años en el Centro de Salud Los Aquijes, Ica-2023

Abstract

Objetivo: El presente estudio se planteó determinar la relación existente entre anemia y la adherencia con micronutrientes en niños de 1 a 5 años en el Centro de Salud de los Aquijes, Ica-2023. Método: Fue un estudio básico, cuantitativo, correlacional, no experimental, corte transversal con un método hipotético – deductivo. Resultados: Se identificó una alta prevalencia de anemia, 64% de casos moderados, 19% leves y 17% severos. La adherencia al consumo de micronutrientes baja en el 42%, media en el 36% y alta en el 22%. En cuanto al consumo, el 49.34% frecuencia regular; 55.26% conoce los beneficios, el 38.16% conoce de prevención, el 40.79% identifica contenido (hierro, vitaminas A, C y ácido fólico) y otros 55.26% conoce las causas. Solo el 34.21% refiere que las enfermeras realizan sesiones educativas demostrativas. Respecto a la administración, el 58.55% de madres da un sobre diario, el 49.34% lo mezcla con mazamorra o leche, y el 58.55% proporciona tres cucharadas o más. Sin embargo, el 57.89% de los niños no tolera el micronutriente y el 47.37% presenta estreñimiento como efecto secundario. Conclusiones: Se identificó que el 64% presenta anemia moderada y 42% baja adherencia al consumo de micronutrientes. El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman evidenció una fuerte relación entre la anemia y la adherencia a los micronutrientes (Rho = 0.823). Asimismo, se halló una alta correlación entre la anemia y las dimensiones asociadas al consumo (Rho = 0.814), administración (Rho = 0.698) y efectos adversos (Rho = 0.762) de los micronutrientes. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between anemia and adherence to micronutrients in children aged 1 to 5 years at the Aquijes Health Center, Ica-2023. Method: It was a basic, quantitative, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study with a hypothetical-deductive method Results: A high prevalence of anemia was identified, with 64% being moderate, 19% mild, and 17% severe. Adherence to micronutrient intake was low at 42%, medium at 36%, and high at 22%. Regarding intake, 49.34% reported regular frequency; 55.26% were aware of the benefits, 38.16% were aware of prevention, 40.79% identified the contents (iron, vitamins A, C, and folic acid), and another 55.26% were aware of the causes. Only 34.21% reported that nurses conducted educational demonstration sessions. Regarding administration, 58.55% of mothers gave one sachet daily, 49.34% mixed it with porridge or milk, and 58.55% provided three or more tablespoons. However, 57.89% of children do not tolerate micronutrients and 47.37% experience constipation as a side effect. Conclusions: A total of 64% of the patients were found to have moderate anemia, and 42% had low adherence to micronutrient intake. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a strong relationship between anemia and micronutrient adherence (Rho = 0.823). A high correlation was also found between anemia and the dimensions associated with micronutrient intake (Rho = 0.814), administration (Rho = 0.698), and adverse effects (Rho = 0.762).