Evaluación de riesgos ambientales por actividad minera en el distrito de Vista Alegre - provincia de Nazca, 2021
Fecha
2024
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
La actividad minera en el Perú, se ha incrementado, específicamente en la sierra de nuestro país,
sin embargo, estas actividades generan riesgos ambientales, que algunos casos son irreversibles,
y que inciden directamente en la alteración del ambiente y la calidad de vida de la población del
entorno donde se ubican. Por lo tanto, la investigación planteó como objetivo: Evaluar los riesgos
ambientales por actividad minera en el Distrito de Vista Alegre-Provincia de Nazca, 2021. El
enfoque metodológico es de tipo y nivel descriptivo y diseño no experimental. La muestra es el
Valle Las Trancas, se evaluó los factores ambientales: agua, suelo, aire, asimismo, el nivel de
ruido y contenido de metales en los relaves que generan estas plantas procesadoras de mineral.
En base a estos resultados de monitoreo, se realizó mediante el método RIAM la evaluación de
riesgo ambiental y se determinó la caracterización de riesgo para el entorno natural: 57,33%; el
entorno humano: 74,67% y el entorno socioeconómico: 40,0%, por lo tanto, el promedio de riesgo
ambiental para el Valle Las Trancas es MODERADO. Se aplicó una encuesta de percepción a la
población, la muestra fue de 55 personas para conocer como les afecta las actividades de estas
plantas procesadoras. Los resultados de esta encuesta señalan que les afecta en su salud. La
contrastación de la hipótesis principal, demuestra que deben evaluarse estos riesgos ambientales
y ejecutar un Plan de Mitigación.
Mining activity in Peru has increased, specifically in the mountains of our country, however, these activities generate environmental risks, some of which are irreversible, and which directly affect the alteration of the environment and the quality of life of the people. population of the environment where they are located. Therefore, the research set as an objective: Evaluate the environmental risks due to mining activity in the District of Vista Alegre-Province of Nazca, 2021. The methodological approach is of a descriptive type and level and a non-experimental design. The sample is Valle Las Trancas, the environmental factors were evaluated: water, soil, air, as well as the noise level and metal content in the tailings generated by these mineral processing plants. Based on these monitoring results, the environmental risk assessment was carried out using the RIAM method and the risk characterization for the natural environment was determined: 57.33%; the human environment: 74.67% and the socioeconomic environment: 40.0%, therefore, the average environmental risk for Valle Las Trancas is MODERATE. A perception survey was applied to the population; the sample was 55 people to know how the activities of these processing plants affect them. The results of this survey indicate that it affects their health. The contrast of the main hypothesis shows that these environmental risks must be evaluated and a Mitigation Plan executed.
Mining activity in Peru has increased, specifically in the mountains of our country, however, these activities generate environmental risks, some of which are irreversible, and which directly affect the alteration of the environment and the quality of life of the people. population of the environment where they are located. Therefore, the research set as an objective: Evaluate the environmental risks due to mining activity in the District of Vista Alegre-Province of Nazca, 2021. The methodological approach is of a descriptive type and level and a non-experimental design. The sample is Valle Las Trancas, the environmental factors were evaluated: water, soil, air, as well as the noise level and metal content in the tailings generated by these mineral processing plants. Based on these monitoring results, the environmental risk assessment was carried out using the RIAM method and the risk characterization for the natural environment was determined: 57.33%; the human environment: 74.67% and the socioeconomic environment: 40.0%, therefore, the average environmental risk for Valle Las Trancas is MODERATE. A perception survey was applied to the population; the sample was 55 people to know how the activities of these processing plants affect them. The results of this survey indicate that it affects their health. The contrast of the main hypothesis shows that these environmental risks must be evaluated and a Mitigation Plan executed.
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Palabras clave
Riesgo ambiental, Actividad minera, Contaminación, Medio ambiente, Level of environmental risk