Delitos ambientales y la responsabilidad civil de las empresas de beneficio de minerales de Nasca-2022
Fecha
2025
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Editor
Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga.
Resumen
Objetivo: Demostrar la relación existente entre los delitos ambientales y la responsabilidad civil
de las empresas de beneficio de minerales de Nasca, año 2022.
Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio correlacional, longitudinal, en el que se recolectó la
muestra de estudio mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado con cuestionario a 80
encuestados de 17 plantas procesadoras de Nasca. Se midieron la magnitud de las variables delitos
ambientales y la responsabilidad civil de las empresas de beneficio de minerales.
Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian que el 50% de los encuestados perciben una aplicación
inadecuada de la normativa vigente sobre delitos ambientales (Ley N.° 28611 y Código Penal),
mientras que solo el 12,5% considera su aplicación adecuada. En relación con la responsabilidad
civil de las empresas de beneficio de minerales, tanto formales como informales, el 80%
manifiesta que su cumplimiento es inadecuado, revelando una débil implementación de
mecanismos de reparación ambiental y justicia ecológica. El 50 % de los encuestados considera
deficiente la aplicación de la Ley General del Ambiente, mientras que solo el 25 % la percibe
como adecuada. A su vez, el 87,50 % exige que las empresas formales asuman responsabilidad
civil por daños ambientales, evidenciando una demanda por mayor eficacia en los mecanismos
de reparación, los cuales son considerados inadecuados por el 12,50 %, reflejando deficiencias en
la implementación normativa. Los hallazgos reflejan que el 75 % de los encuestados percibe un
deficiente abordaje institucional frente a los delitos ambientales que afectan el paisaje natural.
Además, el 87,50 % señala que las empresas informales de beneficio de minerales incumplen la
normativa vigente, lo que revela una limitada capacidad estatal de regulación y fiscalización
ambiental en este sector.
Conclusión: Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los delitos ambientales y la
responsabilidad civil de estas empresas. Esta relación refleja un patrón estructural de afectación
ambiental derivado de la actividad minera, sumado a una débil fiscalización, falta de voluntad
política y deficiencia en la implementación del marco normativo vigente.
Objective: To demonstrate the relationship between environmental crimes and civil liability of mineral processing companies in Nasca, year 2022. Methodology: A correlational, longitudinal study was developed, in which the study sample was collected through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling with a questionnaire to 80 respondents from 17 processing plants in Nasca. The magnitude of the variable environmental crimes and civil liability of the mineral processing companies were measured. Results: The findings show that 50% of the respondents perceive inadequate enforcement of current regulations on environmental crimes (Law No. 28611 and the Penal Code), while only 12.5% consider them to be adequately enforced. Regarding the civil liability of both formal and informal mineral beneficiation companies, 80% state that their compliance is inadequate, revealing a weak implementation of environmental remediation and ecological justice mechanisms. Fifty percent of those surveyed consider the application of the General Environmental Law to be deficient, while only 25 % perceive it to be adequate. In turn, 87.50 % demand that formal companies assume civil liability for environmental damages, evidencing a demand for greater efficiency in reparation mechanisms, which are considered inadequate by 12.50 %, reflecting deficiencies in the implementation of regulations. The findings reflect that 75% of those surveyed perceive a deficient institutional approach to environmental crimes that affect the natural landscape. In addition, 87.50 % indicate that informal mineral beneficiation companies do not comply with current regulations, which reveals a limited state capacity for environmental regulation and control in this sector. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between environmental crimes and the civil liability of these companies. This relationship reflects a structural pattern of environmental damage derived from mining activity, coupled with weak oversight, lack of political will and deficiency in the implementation of the current regulatory framework.
Objective: To demonstrate the relationship between environmental crimes and civil liability of mineral processing companies in Nasca, year 2022. Methodology: A correlational, longitudinal study was developed, in which the study sample was collected through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling with a questionnaire to 80 respondents from 17 processing plants in Nasca. The magnitude of the variable environmental crimes and civil liability of the mineral processing companies were measured. Results: The findings show that 50% of the respondents perceive inadequate enforcement of current regulations on environmental crimes (Law No. 28611 and the Penal Code), while only 12.5% consider them to be adequately enforced. Regarding the civil liability of both formal and informal mineral beneficiation companies, 80% state that their compliance is inadequate, revealing a weak implementation of environmental remediation and ecological justice mechanisms. Fifty percent of those surveyed consider the application of the General Environmental Law to be deficient, while only 25 % perceive it to be adequate. In turn, 87.50 % demand that formal companies assume civil liability for environmental damages, evidencing a demand for greater efficiency in reparation mechanisms, which are considered inadequate by 12.50 %, reflecting deficiencies in the implementation of regulations. The findings reflect that 75% of those surveyed perceive a deficient institutional approach to environmental crimes that affect the natural landscape. In addition, 87.50 % indicate that informal mineral beneficiation companies do not comply with current regulations, which reveals a limited state capacity for environmental regulation and control in this sector. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between environmental crimes and the civil liability of these companies. This relationship reflects a structural pattern of environmental damage derived from mining activity, coupled with weak oversight, lack of political will and deficiency in the implementation of the current regulatory framework.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Medio Ambiente, Delitos, Empresas, Responsabilidad civil, Informal, Environment
