Restauración de riberas aplicando métodos de equilibrio límite para el control de desbordes en el Asentamiento Humano Nicolas de Piérola, Lurigancho Chosica - Lima, 2021
Fecha
2023
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
En la presente investigación se han evaluado distintos escenarios sobre la estabilidad de taludes
que conforman la ribera de una quebrada sometida a procesos climáticos extremos, pues estas
actividades de geodinámica externa son características en muchas quebradas de la cuenca media
y baja, lugares donde se han asentado poblaciones en constante riesgo de erosión, derrumbes,
deslizamientos, etc.
La metodología general empleada parte de un enfoque cuantitativo, y el tipo y nivel se enmarca
en una investigación aplicada, descriptiva y correlacional. Con respecto al diseño metodológico
es no experimental y se aplicaron técnicas documentales y de observación estructurada con
instrumentos de campo y gabinete, entre los cuales destacan los modelos de simulación
geotécnicos SLIDE y GEO5, que utilizan los métodos de Fellenius, Jambu, Spencer y
Morgenstern -Price de acuerdo al tipo de suelo encontrado.
En ese sentido, el objetivo general de la tesis fue establecer medidas para restaurar las riberas
aplicando métodos de equilibrio limite que garanticen el control de desbordes en el A.H. Nicolas
de Piérola – Chosica - región Lima; planteándose una meta que aporta a mejorar las condiciones
de vida de los pobladores de la zona, garantizando significativamente el control de desbordes
como bien se plantea en la hipótesis, al lograr factores de seguridad mayores que los mínimos
requeridos por la norma CE-020, incluidos los escenarios con sismo.
Sin embargo, para fortalecer las defensas en la parte baja del talud se proponen en las conclusiones
medidas de encauzamiento de la quebrada. Por otro lado, se identificaron en el tramo superior del
talud valores muy cerca del mínimo, proponiéndose el corte del terreno y obras longitudinales
como muros de contención y en las pequeñas quebradas que colectan a la quebrada principal se
proponen diques deflectores y barreras con mallas metálicas.
In the present investigation, different scenarios have been evaluated on the stability of slopes that make up the banks of streams, subjected to extreme climatic processes, since these external geodynamic activities are characteristic in many streams of the middle and lower basin, places where populations have settled. at constant risk of erosion, landslides, landslides, etc. The general methodology used is based on a quantitative approach, and the type and level are part of applied, descriptive and correlational research. Regarding the methodological design, it is nonexperimental and documentary and structured observation techniques were applied with field and office instruments, among which the geotechnical simulation models SLIDE and GEO5 stand out, which use the methods of Fellenius, Jambu, Spencer and Morgenstern. -Price according to the type of soil found. In this sense, the general objective of the thesis was to establish measures to restore the banks by applying limit equilibrium methods that guarantee the control of overflows in the A.H. Nicolas de Piérola – Chosica - Lima region; considering a goal that contributes to improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the area, significantly guaranteeing the control of overflows as it is proposed in the hypothesis, by achieving safety factors greater than the minimum required by the CE-20 standard, including earthquake scenarios. However, in order to strengthen the defenses in the lower part of the slope, measures to channel the ravine are proposed in the conclusions. On the other hand, values very close to the minimum were identified in the upper section of the slope, proposing the cut of the land and longitudinal works such as retaining walls and in the small ravines that collect the main ravine, deflector dikes and barriers with metal mesh are proposed.
In the present investigation, different scenarios have been evaluated on the stability of slopes that make up the banks of streams, subjected to extreme climatic processes, since these external geodynamic activities are characteristic in many streams of the middle and lower basin, places where populations have settled. at constant risk of erosion, landslides, landslides, etc. The general methodology used is based on a quantitative approach, and the type and level are part of applied, descriptive and correlational research. Regarding the methodological design, it is nonexperimental and documentary and structured observation techniques were applied with field and office instruments, among which the geotechnical simulation models SLIDE and GEO5 stand out, which use the methods of Fellenius, Jambu, Spencer and Morgenstern. -Price according to the type of soil found. In this sense, the general objective of the thesis was to establish measures to restore the banks by applying limit equilibrium methods that guarantee the control of overflows in the A.H. Nicolas de Piérola – Chosica - Lima region; considering a goal that contributes to improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the area, significantly guaranteeing the control of overflows as it is proposed in the hypothesis, by achieving safety factors greater than the minimum required by the CE-20 standard, including earthquake scenarios. However, in order to strengthen the defenses in the lower part of the slope, measures to channel the ravine are proposed in the conclusions. On the other hand, values very close to the minimum were identified in the upper section of the slope, proposing the cut of the land and longitudinal works such as retaining walls and in the small ravines that collect the main ravine, deflector dikes and barriers with metal mesh are proposed.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Restauración de quebradas, Estabilidad de taludes, Equilibrio limite, Stream restoration