Consumo de bebidas azucaradas y su relación con el estado nutricional de adolescentes de la Institución Educativa Gabino Chacaltana Hernández - Ica 2023
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
El sobrepeso y la obesidad, constituyen problemas nutricionales en los adolescentes como
consecuencia del consumo excesivo de bebidas azucaradas, afectando su salud biopsicosocial.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y el estado nutricional
en adolescentes de la Institución educativa Gabino Chacaltana Hernández - Ica 2023. Material y
métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal, analítica, relacional y no experimental,
con muestra de 180 adolescentes, aplicándose la encuesta, como instrumento un cuestionario
validado por expertos (p=0.03125) y confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0.938. Resultados: El
consumo de bebidas azucaradas fue de nivel medio 47.8%. Por dimensiones predominó el alto
nivel de consumo en bebidas carbonatadas 48.9%, nivel medio en el consumo de bebidas
rehidratantes-energéticas 45.1% y jugos procesados 44.5%; el bajo consumo predominó en
bebidas procesadas de leche-derivados 48.4% y bebidas alcohólicas 86.8%. El estado nutricional
fue normal 53.3%, el 34.6% sobrepeso, 9.3% obesidad y 2.8% delgadez. Se halló relación
significativa entre las variables (p=0.000), observándose mayor proporción de sobrepeso y
obesidad en adolescentes con nivel medio y alto de consumo de bebidas azucaradas (26.4% y
7.7% respectivamente). De igual forma se halló relación entre el estado nutricional y consumo de
bebidas carbonatadas (p=0.000), bebidas rehidratantes-energizantes (p=0.000), jugos procesados
(p=0.001), y bebidas procesadas a base de leche-derivados (p=0.000), no existiendo relación con
el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas (p=0.690). Conclusiones: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas
se relaciona significativamente con el estado nutricional en adolescentes de la I.E. Gabino
Chacaltana Hernández – Ica 2023.
Overweight and obesity constitute nutritional problems in adolescents as a consequence of the excessive consumption of sugary drinks, affecting their biopsychosocial health. Objective: To determine the relationship between the consumption of sugary drinks and the nutritional status in adolescents from the Gabino Chacaltana Hernández Educational Institution - Ica 2023. Material and methods: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, analytical, relational and nonexperimental study, with a sample of 180 adolescents, applying the survey, as an instrument a questionnaire validated by experts (p = 0.03125) and Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.938. Results: The consumption of sugary drinks was medium level 47.8%. By dimensions, the high level of consumption in carbonated drinks predominated 48.9%, medium level in the consumption of rehydrating-energy drinks 45.1% and processed juices 44.5%; Low consumption predominated in processed milk-derived beverages 48.4% and alcoholic beverages 86.8%. The nutritional status was normal 53.3%, overweight 34.6%, obesity 9.3% and thinness 2.8%. A significant relationship was found between the variables (p = 0.000), observing a higher proportion of overweight and obesity in adolescents with medium and high levels of consumption of sugary drinks (26.4% and 7.7% respectively). Likewise, a relationship was found between nutritional status and consumption of carbonated beverages (p = 0.000), rehydration-energy drinks (p = 0.000), processed juices (p = 0.001), and processed milk-derived beverages (p = 0.000), there being no relationship with the consumption of alcoholic beverages (p = 0.690). Conclusions: Consumption of sugary drinks is significantly related to nutritional status in adolescents from the Gabino Chacaltana Hernández I.E. – Ica 2023.
Overweight and obesity constitute nutritional problems in adolescents as a consequence of the excessive consumption of sugary drinks, affecting their biopsychosocial health. Objective: To determine the relationship between the consumption of sugary drinks and the nutritional status in adolescents from the Gabino Chacaltana Hernández Educational Institution - Ica 2023. Material and methods: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, analytical, relational and nonexperimental study, with a sample of 180 adolescents, applying the survey, as an instrument a questionnaire validated by experts (p = 0.03125) and Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.938. Results: The consumption of sugary drinks was medium level 47.8%. By dimensions, the high level of consumption in carbonated drinks predominated 48.9%, medium level in the consumption of rehydrating-energy drinks 45.1% and processed juices 44.5%; Low consumption predominated in processed milk-derived beverages 48.4% and alcoholic beverages 86.8%. The nutritional status was normal 53.3%, overweight 34.6%, obesity 9.3% and thinness 2.8%. A significant relationship was found between the variables (p = 0.000), observing a higher proportion of overweight and obesity in adolescents with medium and high levels of consumption of sugary drinks (26.4% and 7.7% respectively). Likewise, a relationship was found between nutritional status and consumption of carbonated beverages (p = 0.000), rehydration-energy drinks (p = 0.000), processed juices (p = 0.001), and processed milk-derived beverages (p = 0.000), there being no relationship with the consumption of alcoholic beverages (p = 0.690). Conclusions: Consumption of sugary drinks is significantly related to nutritional status in adolescents from the Gabino Chacaltana Hernández I.E. – Ica 2023.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Bebidas azucaradas, Estado nutricional, Adolescentes, Sugary drinks