Nivel de maltrato y autoconcepto en escolares en la etapa temprana de la adolescencia en una institución educativa pública de Ica, 2023
Fecha
2024
Asesor
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Editor
Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
El maltrato, constituye un problema social que se da con mayor frecuencia en el ámbito familiar, el cual repercute en el autoconcepto del adolescente. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el
nivel de maltrato y el autoconcepto en escolares en la etapa temprana de la adolescencia en una
institución educativa pública de Ica, 2023. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, de nivel relacional y diseño no experimental-correlacional, con muestra
probabilística de 182 adolescentes, como técnica se aplicó la encuesta, como instrumento un
cuestionario estructurado con la escala de maltrato familiar VIFA, y test de autoconcepto AF-5, ambos validados y con confiabilidad aceptable en el contexto peruano. Resultados: El
porcentaje de maltrato más alto fue el de nivel bajo 78.6%, seguido de nivel medio 13.7%, y
nivel alto 7.7%, por dimensiones predominó el nivel bajo en el maltrato físico 85.2% y
psicológico 77.5%. El autoconcepto fue de nivel medio 46.1%, seguido de nivel alto 39.6%, y
nivel bajo 14.3%, por dimensiones predominó el nivel medio en autoconcepto académico 47.8%, social 49.5%, y emocional 55.0%; el nivel alto predominó en el autoconcepto familiar 59.9% y
físico 44.0%. Mediante prueba de chi cuadrado se halló relación significativa entre las variables
(p=0.000), observándose que el nivel bajo de autoconcepto fue mayor en escolares con nivel
medio y alto de maltrato (7.7% y 5.0% respectivamente). Conclusiones: El nivel de maltrato se
relaciona significativamente con el autoconcepto en escolares en la etapa temprana de la
adolescencia en una institución educativa pública de Ica.
The abuse is a social problem that occurs most frequently in the family environment, which has an impact on the adolescent's self-concept. Objective: Determine the relationship between the level of abuse and self-concept in schoolchildren in the early stage of adolescence in a public educational institution in Ica, 2023. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, relational-level study and non-experimental-correlational design, with a probabilistic sample of 182 adolescents, as a technique the survey was applied, as an instrument a structured questionnaire with the VIFA family abuse scale, and the AF-5 self-concept test, both validated and with acceptable reliability in the Peruvian context. Results: The highest percentage of abuse was the low level 78.6%, followed by medium level 13.7%, and high level 7.7%, by dimensions the low level predominated in physical abuse 85.2% and psychological abuse 77.5%. The self- concept was of medium level 46.1%, followed by high level 39.6%, and low level 14.3%, by dimensions the medium level predominated in academic self-concept 47.8%, social 49.5%, and emotional 55.0%; The high level predominated in the family self-concept 59.9% and physical self-concept 44.0%. Using the chi-square test, a significant relationship was found between the variables (p=0.000), observing that the low level of self-concept was higher in schoolchildren with a medium and high level of abuse (7.7% and 5.0% respectively). Conclusions: The level of abuse is significantly related to self-concept in schoolchildren in the early stage of adolescence in a public educational institution in Ica.
The abuse is a social problem that occurs most frequently in the family environment, which has an impact on the adolescent's self-concept. Objective: Determine the relationship between the level of abuse and self-concept in schoolchildren in the early stage of adolescence in a public educational institution in Ica, 2023. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, relational-level study and non-experimental-correlational design, with a probabilistic sample of 182 adolescents, as a technique the survey was applied, as an instrument a structured questionnaire with the VIFA family abuse scale, and the AF-5 self-concept test, both validated and with acceptable reliability in the Peruvian context. Results: The highest percentage of abuse was the low level 78.6%, followed by medium level 13.7%, and high level 7.7%, by dimensions the low level predominated in physical abuse 85.2% and psychological abuse 77.5%. The self- concept was of medium level 46.1%, followed by high level 39.6%, and low level 14.3%, by dimensions the medium level predominated in academic self-concept 47.8%, social 49.5%, and emotional 55.0%; The high level predominated in the family self-concept 59.9% and physical self-concept 44.0%. Using the chi-square test, a significant relationship was found between the variables (p=0.000), observing that the low level of self-concept was higher in schoolchildren with a medium and high level of abuse (7.7% and 5.0% respectively). Conclusions: The level of abuse is significantly related to self-concept in schoolchildren in the early stage of adolescence in a public educational institution in Ica.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Maltrato, Autoconcepto, Escolares, Adolescentes, Abuse